{"meta":{"dataset":"physical-transformation-atlas","endpoint":"residuals","kind":"projection","note":"Every open uncertainty in a current atlas record — derived from the compiled atlas and its audits by tools/audit-closure.mjs; a live view that may shrink, grow or change after later work, outside the v0.5.0 export contract; the immutable closure snapshot is design/reviews/loop-3/pass-50-closure.md.","atlas_revision":"bfbfcbb70e57","generated_at":"2026-09-21T14:26:28.263Z","residual_count":36,"counts_by_kind":{"evidence-interpretation-pending":2,"evidence-not-observed":5,"evidence-single-source":4,"measurement-boundary-unresolved":1,"measurement-definition-unresolved":1,"pathway-observed-not-delivered":1,"search-incomplete":13,"source-read-pending":9},"counts":{"entities":353,"phenomena":100,"disequilibria":25,"couplings":40,"transducers":67,"claims":523,"sources":235,"pathways_named":93,"systems_named":2,"paths_examined":771,"paths_demonstrated":86,"paths_no_demonstration_found":0,"paths_not_searched":674,"matrix_cells":1000,"matrix_cells_empty":932,"matrix_cells_unsearched":804,"coverage_mean":0.23094688221709006,"editorial_scope_fill":0.23094688221709006,"matrix_cells_without_search_record":995,"matrix_cells_with_direct_relation":68,"matrix_cells_status_not_searched":804,"routes_enumerated":771,"routes_with_recorded_composition_demonstration":86,"matrix_cells_without_direct_relation":932,"searches_reviewed":13,"searches_index_only":16,"claims_by_status":{"established":384,"demonstrated":111,"replicated":17,"reported":6,"theoretically-predicted":5},"claims_by_predicate":{"drives":128,"produces":110,"member_of":92,"implemented_by":85,"bounded_by":45,"converts_into":19,"observed_in":19,"governed_by":17,"couples_to":4,"requires":3,"dissipates_to":1},"paths_by_search_status":{"not-searched":674,"demonstrated":86,"search-incomplete":11},"paths_by_frontier_class":{"derived":309,"candidate":185,"same-form":99,"demonstrated":86,"weak":47,"incomplete-handoff":45},"paths_by_structural_kind":{"source-preparation":336,"energy-backtracking":170,"composition":87,"atomic":70,"representation-equivalent":54,"representation-dominated":52,"known-device-likely":2},"matrix_cells_by_status":{"not-searched":804,"forbidden":78,"established":61,"candidate":49,"demonstrated":6,"search-incomplete":1,"theoretical":1},"entities_by_type":{"phenomenon":100,"transducer":67,"quantity":42,"coupling":40,"disequilibrium":25,"carrier":24,"constraint":23,"material":15,"output":6,"system":6,"interaction":5}},"kinds":{"search-incomplete":"a reviewed literature search whose protocol obligations are not all met: the atlas may not say that no demonstration was found","source-read-pending":"a search hit that could not be decided for want of its text","evidence-single-source":"a claim one paper reports, with no independent confirmation recorded","evidence-interpretation-pending":"a claim several groups cite that stays reported because an interpretation the primary text must settle is pending","evidence-not-observed":"a claim predicted by theory or proposed, not yet observed","pathway-observed-not-delivered":"a composition traversed in one experiment whose output was not delivered to a load","measurement-boundary-unresolved":"a recorded figure whose numerator's boundary the source does not state","measurement-definition-unresolved":"a recorded figure whose defining quantities have not been read from the source"},"snapshot":"https://github.com/in-c0/physical-transformation-atlas/blob/main/design/reviews/loop-3/pass-50-closure.md","version":"0.5.0","contract":"https://github.com/in-c0/physical-transformation-atlas/blob/main/docs/data-api.md","site":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev"},"data":[{"id":"residual:evidence-interpretation-pending:temperature-drives-thermopolarization","kind":"evidence-interpretation-pending","record_type":"claim","record_id":"claim:temperature-drives-thermopolarization","statement":"Temperature gradient —drives→ Thermopolarization effect is reported although 5 sources from 5 groups cite it: an interpretation the primary text must settle is still pending, so the atlas does not read the claim as demonstrated.","why_unresolved":"Evidence: source:marvan-1969-thermopolarization, source:tagantsev-1987-thermal-polarization, source:trepakov-1989-proper-thermopolarization, source:onishi-2025-thermopolarization, source:kholkin-1982-thermopolarization-current. The record's own reason: loop-3 pass 28 (the second reader's spelling; reported until the separation from the flexoelectric contribution is read in a primary text).","what_exists":"Status reported; routes through this claim inherit it as their weakest constituent.","closure_condition":"A full read of Trepakov, Nurieva & Tagantsev 1989 (Ferroelectrics 94, 377–381; paywalled) deciding whether a load was driven would move the claim from reported toward demonstrated.","related_ids":["source:marvan-1969-thermopolarization","source:tagantsev-1987-thermal-polarization","source:trepakov-1989-proper-thermopolarization","source:onishi-2025-thermopolarization","source:kholkin-1982-thermopolarization-current"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/claim/temperature-drives-thermopolarization","on_default_frontier":false},{"id":"residual:evidence-interpretation-pending:thermopolarization-produces-charge","kind":"evidence-interpretation-pending","record_type":"claim","record_id":"claim:thermopolarization-produces-charge","statement":"Thermopolarization effect —produces→ Separated surface charge is reported although 3 sources from 3 groups cite it: an interpretation the primary text must settle is still pending, so the atlas does not read the claim as demonstrated.","why_unresolved":"Evidence: source:kholkin-1982-thermopolarization-current, source:trepakov-1989-proper-thermopolarization, source:rafikov-1994-dynamic-thermopolarization. The record's own reason: loop-3 pass 32 (scoped to the solid dielectric so the liquid spelling cannot inherit it); pass 28 (Kholkin 1982 read in full: the current in the external circuit follows d(ΔT)/dt and reverses with ∇T).","what_exists":"Status reported; routes through this claim inherit it as their weakest constituent.","closure_condition":"The same read as claim:temperature-drives-thermopolarization.","related_ids":["source:kholkin-1982-thermopolarization-current","source:trepakov-1989-proper-thermopolarization","source:rafikov-1994-dynamic-thermopolarization"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/claim/thermopolarization-produces-charge","on_default_frontier":false},{"id":"residual:evidence-not-observed:elastocaloric-implemented-vibration-cooler","kind":"evidence-not-observed","record_type":"claim","record_id":"claim:elastocaloric-implemented-vibration-cooler","statement":"Elastocaloric effect —implemented by→ Vibration-driven elastocaloric cooler (proposed) is theoretically-predicted: predicted by theory, not yet observed.","why_unresolved":"Evidence: source:kumar-2019-vibration-refrigeration.","what_exists":"Status theoretically-predicted; routes through this claim inherit it as their weakest constituent.","closure_condition":"An experiment observing the effect, reviewed and cited on the claim.","related_ids":["source:kumar-2019-vibration-refrigeration"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/claim/elastocaloric-implemented-vibration-cooler","on_default_frontier":false},{"id":"residual:evidence-not-observed:marangoni-produces-pressure","kind":"evidence-not-observed","record_type":"claim","record_id":"claim:marangoni-produces-pressure","statement":"Marangoni effect —produces→ Pressure gradient is theoretically-predicted: predicted by theory, not yet observed.","why_unresolved":"Evidence: source:glockner-naterer-2006-thermocapillary-pumping, source:odukoya-naterer-2013-thermocapillary-mhe.","what_exists":"Status theoretically-predicted; routes through this claim inherit it as their weakest constituent.","closure_condition":"An experiment observing the effect, reviewed and cited on the claim.","related_ids":["source:glockner-naterer-2006-thermocapillary-pumping","source:odukoya-naterer-2013-thermocapillary-mhe"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/claim/marangoni-produces-pressure","on_default_frontier":false},{"id":"residual:evidence-not-observed:temperature-drives-liquid-thermopolarization","kind":"evidence-not-observed","record_type":"claim","record_id":"claim:temperature-drives-liquid-thermopolarization","statement":"Temperature gradient —drives→ Thermopolarization effect is theoretically-predicted: predicted by theory, not yet observed.","why_unresolved":"Evidence: source:bresme-2008-water-polarization, source:armstrong-bresme-2015-thermal-polarization-inversion, source:gittus-2020-acetonitrile-thermal-polarization.","what_exists":"Status theoretically-predicted; routes through this claim inherit it as their weakest constituent.","closure_condition":"An experiment observing the effect, reviewed and cited on the claim.","related_ids":["source:bresme-2008-water-polarization","source:armstrong-bresme-2015-thermal-polarization-inversion","source:gittus-2020-acetonitrile-thermal-polarization"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/claim/temperature-drives-liquid-thermopolarization","on_default_frontier":false},{"id":"residual:evidence-not-observed:thermoradiative-drives","kind":"evidence-not-observed","record_type":"claim","record_id":"claim:thermoradiative-drives","statement":"Radiative imbalance with the sky —drives→ Thermoradiative effect is theoretically-predicted: predicted by theory, not yet observed.","why_unresolved":"Evidence: source:strandberg-2015.","what_exists":"Status theoretically-predicted, maturity K3; routes through this claim inherit it as their weakest constituent.","closure_condition":"An experiment observing the effect, reviewed and cited on the claim.","related_ids":["source:strandberg-2015"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/claim/thermoradiative-drives","on_default_frontier":false},{"id":"residual:evidence-not-observed:thermoradiative-produces","kind":"evidence-not-observed","record_type":"claim","record_id":"claim:thermoradiative-produces","statement":"Thermoradiative effect —produces→ Charge carriers is theoretically-predicted: predicted by theory, not yet observed.","why_unresolved":"Evidence: source:strandberg-2015.","what_exists":"Status theoretically-predicted; routes through this claim inherit it as their weakest constituent.","closure_condition":"An experiment observing the effect, reviewed and cited on the claim.","related_ids":["source:strandberg-2015"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/claim/thermoradiative-produces","on_default_frontier":false},{"id":"residual:evidence-single-source:pec-benchmarked-realistic-earth-abundant","kind":"evidence-single-source","record_type":"claim","record_id":"claim:pec-benchmarked-realistic-earth-abundant","statement":"Photoelectrochemical effect —governed by→ PEC water-splitting realistic limiting efficiency, Earth-abundant materials (Fountaine Real2) is reported: a single paper reports it and no independent confirmation is recorded.","why_unresolved":"Evidence: source:fountaine-2016-pec-limits — one group, no review or book.","what_exists":"Status reported; routes through this claim inherit it as their weakest constituent.","closure_condition":"A qualifying review or book, or an independent analysis, that states Fountaine 2016's Real2 maxima (5.4 % at 2.53 eV; 16.2 % at 1.93 / 1.38 eV) — Rozzi 2020 does not.","related_ids":["source:fountaine-2016-pec-limits"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/claim/pec-benchmarked-realistic-earth-abundant","on_default_frontier":false},{"id":"residual:evidence-single-source:pec-benchmarked-realistic-high-performance","kind":"evidence-single-source","record_type":"claim","record_id":"claim:pec-benchmarked-realistic-high-performance","statement":"Photoelectrochemical effect —governed by→ PEC water-splitting realistic limiting efficiency, high-performance materials (Fountaine Real1) is reported: a single paper reports it and no independent confirmation is recorded.","why_unresolved":"Evidence: source:fountaine-2016-pec-limits — one group, no review or book.","what_exists":"Status reported; routes through this claim inherit it as their weakest constituent.","closure_condition":"A qualifying review or book, or an independent analysis, that states Fountaine 2016's Real1 maxima (15.1 % single junction at 2.05 eV; 28.3 % dual at 1.59 / 0.92 eV) — Rozzi 2020 does not.","related_ids":["source:fountaine-2016-pec-limits"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/claim/pec-benchmarked-realistic-high-performance","on_default_frontier":false},{"id":"residual:evidence-single-source:photostriction-drives","kind":"evidence-single-source","record_type":"claim","record_id":"claim:photostriction-drives","statement":"Incident radiation flux —drives→ Photostriction is reported: a single paper reports it and no independent confirmation is recorded.","why_unresolved":"Evidence: source:spanier-2016 — one group, no review or book.","what_exists":"Status reported, maturity K3; routes through this claim inherit it as their weakest constituent.","closure_condition":"Add a qualifying independent source, or a review or book, under the atlas's evidence rule — or change the claim if contrary evidence is found.","related_ids":["source:spanier-2016"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/claim/photostriction-drives","on_default_frontier":false},{"id":"residual:evidence-single-source:photostriction-produces","kind":"evidence-single-source","record_type":"claim","record_id":"claim:photostriction-produces","statement":"Photostriction —produces→ Elastic stress is reported: a single paper reports it and no independent confirmation is recorded.","why_unresolved":"Evidence: source:spanier-2016 — one group, no review or book.","what_exists":"Status reported; routes through this claim inherit it as their weakest constituent.","closure_condition":"Add a qualifying independent source, or a review or book, under the atlas's evidence rule — or change the claim if contrary evidence is found.","related_ids":["source:spanier-2016"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/claim/photostriction-produces","on_default_frontier":false},{"id":"residual:measurement-boundary-unresolved:otec-plant:actual-system-thermal-efficiency","kind":"measurement-boundary-unresolved","record_type":"measurement","record_id":"pathway:otec-plant · actual system thermal efficiency","statement":"Lu et al. 2024's actual thermal efficiency of 2.46 % is recorded as the platform's reported system figure without knowing whether its numerator is the grid-connected electrical power (47.4 kW) or the net cycle work of the paper's Equation 9.","why_unresolved":"The conclusion reports both figures side by side without saying which power the efficiency uses; the design point (2.63 %) demonstrably uses net cycle work, so the actual figure may be a route figure or an organic-Rankine-stage figure.","what_exists":"Recorded as \"2.46%\" (laboratory, 2024); sources source:lu-2024-otec-platform; basis: as reported: the authors' actual thermal efficiency in the stable-operation phase (Figure 12). The paper defines thermal efficiency as net cycle work over evaporator heat (Equation 9) and reports 2.46 % beside the 47.4 kW maximum grid-connected power without saying which numerator the actual figure uses — a route figure if the grid-connected power, an organic-Rankine-stage figure if the net cycle work; the boundary is unresolved (pass 45).","closure_condition":"Establish from the primary source (or its authors) whether the 2.46 % uses grid-connected electrical output or Equation-9 net cycle work, then restage or keep the datum with that basis.","related_ids":["source:lu-2024-otec-platform"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/e238ea3af4#performance","on_default_frontier":false},{"id":"residual:measurement-definition-unresolved:shape-memory-heat-engine:thermal-to-electrical-efficiency","kind":"measurement-definition-unresolved","record_type":"measurement","record_id":"pathway:shape-memory-heat-engine · thermal-to-electrical efficiency","statement":"The NiTi shape-memory heat engine's 1.5 % thermal-to-electrical efficiency (10.5 % of Carnot at the reported point) is an unstructured datum: the paper's definition of the heat input and its temperatures have not been read, so the figure carries no metric, no numeric value and no boundary.","why_unresolved":"Pass 7 recorded the figure from the paper's summary; passes 39 and 45 typed every other efficiency datum but could not classify this one without the heat-input definition.","what_exists":"Recorded as \"1.5% (10.5% of Carnot at the reported maximum-efficiency operating point)\" (laboratory, 2019); sources source:sma-heat-engine-2019; no basis.","closure_condition":"Read the primary's heat-input definition and operating temperatures; then record the datum as conversion-efficiency (or device-stage-efficiency) with its basis, and type its Carnot-relative clause.","related_ids":["source:sma-heat-engine-2019"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/16d5bebae9#performance","on_default_frontier":false},{"id":"residual:pathway-observed-not-delivered:thermal-expansion-flexoelectric-response","kind":"pathway-observed-not-delivered","record_type":"pathway","record_id":"pathway:thermal-expansion-flexoelectric-response","statement":"Thermal-expansion flexoelectric thermopolarization is observed, not demonstrated: one experiment traversed the composition through claim:flexo-produces-charge, and the route's output was not delivered to a load.","why_unresolved":"No output power, efficiency or harvested energy is reported; the finite-element temperature modulation (≈ 0.5 K at the 1 kHz heater drive) is model scope and is not recorded as a measurement.","what_exists":"Evidence source:iwakiri-2026-thermopolarization; status observed; the route stays a candidate.","closure_condition":"A measurement delivering the route's output from the same composition, reviewed; then the pathway becomes demonstrated.","related_ids":["source:iwakiri-2026-thermopolarization"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/a093d7ecc5","on_default_frontier":false},{"id":"residual:search-incomplete:2026-09-20-d-01-c-23","kind":"search-incomplete","record_type":"search","record_id":"search:2026-09-20-d-01-c-23","statement":"The reviewed cell search for Temperature gradient × Electrokinetic is inconclusive (partial): the atlas does not know whether a demonstration exists, and may not say that none was found.","why_unresolved":"Outstanding protocol obligations: engine openalex; engine google-scholar; form driver-phenomenon.","what_exists":"2 completed run(s) on manual, semantic-scholar; 6 unique works screened, 2 read in full; 5 decided hit(s); reviewed 2026-09-20.","closure_condition":"Complete the named obligations, then review the record into demonstration-found or no-demonstration-found.","related_ids":["10.1039/D0NA00429D","10.1017/jfm.2016.844","10.1103/PhysRevE.88.053020","10.1088/1361-6528/ab8fe4","10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.188303"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/matrix","on_default_frontier":false},{"id":"residual:search-incomplete:2026-09-20-d-04-c-01-partial","kind":"search-incomplete","record_type":"search","record_id":"search:2026-09-20-d-04-c-01-partial","statement":"The reviewed cell search for Salinity gradient × Thermoelectric is inconclusive (partial): the atlas does not know whether a demonstration exists, and may not say that none was found.","why_unresolved":"Outstanding protocol obligations: engine semantic-scholar; engine google-scholar.","what_exists":"4 completed run(s) on openalex, manual; 55 unique works screened, 0 read in full; 8 decided hit(s); reviewed 2026-09-20.","closure_condition":"Complete the named obligations, then review the record into demonstration-found or no-demonstration-found.","related_ids":["10.1016/j.solener.2010.11.012","10.1016/j.proeng.2012.10.111","10.1016/j.enconman.2017.01.031","10.1016/j.device.2023.100188","10.1021/acsnano.5c13339","10.1039/C5NR07563G","10.1021/acs.est.6b03448","10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00168"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/matrix","on_default_frontier":false},{"id":"residual:search-incomplete:2026-09-20-p-1043a15e01-partial","kind":"search-incomplete","record_type":"search","record_id":"search:2026-09-20-p-1043a15e01-partial","statement":"The reviewed exact-composition search for Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Streaming potential → Ionic current → Electrical work is inconclusive (partial): the atlas does not know whether a demonstration exists, and may not say that none was found.","why_unresolved":"Outstanding route-search-v1 obligations: semantic-scholar driver-mechanism:1 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar mechanism-pair:1-2 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar whole-chain (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar demonstration-precision (attempted, blocked); google-scholar driver-mechanism:1 screened 10 of 100. 5 attempt(s) obtained no result list (a throttle or a bot check before the first position) and count toward nothing.","what_exists":"11 completed run(s) on openalex, google-scholar; 47 unique works screened, 0 read in full; 7 decided hit(s); reviewed 2026-09-21.","closure_condition":"Complete the named obligations (every mandatory engine × key to the protocol depth, the conditional composite-name form where a term is frozen, two citation chases), then review the record into demonstration-found or no-demonstration-found.","related_ids":["10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.06.016","10.1016/j.jmmm.2013.02.012","10.1007/978-81-322-2743-4_151"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/1043a15e01","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:search-incomplete:2026-09-20-p-41cb505083-partial","kind":"search-incomplete","record_type":"search","record_id":"search:2026-09-20-p-41cb505083-partial","statement":"The reviewed exact-composition search for Surface energy difference → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Streaming potential → Ionic current → Electrical work is inconclusive (partial): the atlas does not know whether a demonstration exists, and may not say that none was found.","why_unresolved":"Outstanding route-search-v1 obligations: semantic-scholar driver-mechanism:1 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar mechanism-pair:1-2 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar whole-chain (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar demonstration-precision (attempted, blocked); google-scholar whole-chain screened 59 of 68; google-scholar demonstration-precision screened 44 of 53. 5 attempt(s) obtained no result list (a throttle or a bot check before the first position) and count toward nothing.","what_exists":"11 completed run(s) on openalex, google-scholar; 156 unique works screened, 2 read in full; 11 decided hit(s); reviewed 2026-09-21.","closure_condition":"Complete the named obligations (every mandatory engine × key to the protocol depth, the conditional composite-name form where a term is frozen, two citation chases), then review the record into demonstration-found or no-demonstration-found.","related_ids":["10.1007/s10404-015-1597-x","10.1021/la1044656","10.1016/0021-9797(81)90011-4","10.1038/s41467-026-69481-2","10.1007/s00396-025-05494-5","10.1002/adfm.78354","10.1038/s41467-022-28998-y","10.1016/j.jcis.2009.11.065","10.1002/dro2.70007"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/41cb505083","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:search-incomplete:2026-09-20-p-423a19acdd-partial","kind":"search-incomplete","record_type":"search","record_id":"search:2026-09-20-p-423a19acdd-partial","statement":"The reviewed exact-composition search for Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Streaming potential → Ionic current → Electrical work is inconclusive (partial): the atlas does not know whether a demonstration exists, and may not say that none was found.","why_unresolved":"Outstanding route-search-v1 obligations: semantic-scholar driver-mechanism:1 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar mechanism-pair:1-2 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar whole-chain (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar demonstration-precision (attempted, blocked); google-scholar whole-chain screened 95 of 100; google-scholar demonstration-precision screened 69 of 79. 5 attempt(s) obtained no result list (a throttle or a bot check before the first position) and count toward nothing.","what_exists":"11 completed run(s) on openalex, google-scholar; 161 unique works screened, 4 read in full; 14 decided hit(s); reviewed 2026-09-21.","closure_condition":"Complete the named obligations (every mandatory engine × key to the protocol depth, the conditional composite-name form where a term is frozen, two citation chases), then review the record into demonstration-found or no-demonstration-found.","related_ids":["10.1007/s10404-015-1597-x","10.1021/la1044656","10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.187","10.1017/s0022112090001884","10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104289","10.1016/j.cej.2025.172116","10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.113111","10.1016/j.jece.2026.123594","10.1002/aenm.202400529","10.1039/d6ta01227b","10.1002/adfm.78354","10.1002/er.1282"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/423a19acdd","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:search-incomplete:2026-09-21-p-231472e45e-partial","kind":"search-incomplete","record_type":"search","record_id":"search:2026-09-21-p-231472e45e-partial","statement":"The reviewed exact-composition search for Temperature gradient → Thermoacoustic effect → Acoustic wave → Acoustoelectric effect → Charge carriers → Electrical work is inconclusive (partial): the atlas does not know whether a demonstration exists, and may not say that none was found.","why_unresolved":"Outstanding route-search-v1 obligations: semantic-scholar driver-mechanism:1 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar mechanism-pair:1-2 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar whole-chain (attempted, blocked); google-scholar driver-mechanism:1 (attempted, blocked); google-scholar mechanism-pair:1-2; google-scholar whole-chain; google-scholar demonstration-precision; citation chases 0 of 2. 4 attempt(s) obtained no result list (a throttle or a bot check before the first position) and count toward nothing.","what_exists":"8 completed run(s) on manual, openalex, semantic-scholar; 156 unique works screened, 0 read in full; 11 decided hit(s); reviewed 2026-09-21.","closure_condition":"Complete the named obligations (every mandatory engine × key to the protocol depth, the conditional composite-name form where a term is frozen, two citation chases), then review the record into demonstration-found or no-demonstration-found.","related_ids":["10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.106995","10.1103/PhysRev.114.33","10.1038/s41467-026-74813-3","10.1121/1.429343","10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3128","10.1088/1674-1056/ac7453","10.1063/1.4712630","10.3390/nano16140848","10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.01.025","10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.112082","10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.034"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/231472e45e","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:search-incomplete:2026-09-21-p-4d6800fa81-partial","kind":"search-incomplete","record_type":"search","record_id":"search:2026-09-21-p-4d6800fa81-partial","statement":"The reviewed exact-composition search for Mechanical vibration → Elastic deformation → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling is inconclusive (partial): the atlas does not know whether a demonstration exists, and may not say that none was found.","why_unresolved":"Outstanding route-search-v1 obligations: semantic-scholar driver-mechanism:1 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar mechanism-pair:1-2 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar whole-chain (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar demonstration-precision (attempted, blocked); google-scholar driver-mechanism:1 (attempted, blocked); google-scholar mechanism-pair:1-2; google-scholar whole-chain; google-scholar demonstration-precision; citation chases 0 of 2. 5 attempt(s) obtained no result list (a throttle or a bot check before the first position) and count toward nothing.","what_exists":"6 completed run(s) on openalex; 153 unique works screened, 0 read in full; 8 decided hit(s); reviewed 2026-09-21.","closure_condition":"Complete the named obligations (every mandatory engine × key to the protocol depth, the conditional composite-name form where a term is frozen, two citation chases), then review the record into demonstration-found or no-demonstration-found.","related_ids":["10.1038/s41598-019-40159-8","10.1063/5.0291096","10.1016/j.actamat.2018.11.035","10.1016/j.actamat.2021.117486","10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2022.111638","10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.168547","10.1103/physrevmaterials.7.013606","10.1002/pssb.201700246"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/4d6800fa81","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:search-incomplete:2026-09-21-p-62809bc294-partial","kind":"search-incomplete","record_type":"search","record_id":"search:2026-09-21-p-62809bc294-partial","statement":"The reviewed exact-composition search for Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Mechanical motion → Rotating-machine generator action → Charge carriers → Electrical work is inconclusive (partial): the atlas does not know whether a demonstration exists, and may not say that none was found.","why_unresolved":"Outstanding route-search-v1 obligations: semantic-scholar driver-mechanism:1 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar mechanism-pair:1-2 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar whole-chain (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar demonstration-precision (attempted, blocked); google-scholar driver-mechanism:1 (attempted, blocked); google-scholar mechanism-pair:1-2; google-scholar whole-chain; google-scholar demonstration-precision; citation chases 0 of 2. 5 attempt(s) obtained no result list (a throttle or a bot check before the first position) and count toward nothing.","what_exists":"6 completed run(s) on openalex; 150 unique works screened, 0 read in full; 5 decided hit(s); reviewed 2026-09-21.","closure_condition":"Complete the named obligations (every mandatory engine × key to the protocol depth, the conditional composite-name form where a term is frozen, two citation chases), then review the record into demonstration-found or no-demonstration-found.","related_ids":["10.1016/0021-8502(94)90201-1","10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c02095","10.26599/nr.2026.94908831","10.1002/adfm.75319","10.1115/1.4023394"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/62809bc294","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:search-incomplete:2026-09-21-p-8200d7ab7e-partial","kind":"search-incomplete","record_type":"search","record_id":"search:2026-09-21-p-8200d7ab7e-partial","statement":"The reviewed exact-composition search for Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Hot gas → Thermal emission → Light is inconclusive (partial): the atlas does not know whether a demonstration exists, and may not say that none was found.","why_unresolved":"Outstanding route-search-v1 obligations: semantic-scholar driver-mechanism:1 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar mechanism-pair:1-2 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar whole-chain (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar demonstration-precision (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar composite-name (attempted, blocked); google-scholar driver-mechanism:1 (attempted, blocked); google-scholar mechanism-pair:1-2; google-scholar whole-chain; google-scholar demonstration-precision; google-scholar composite-name; citation chases 0 of 2. 6 attempt(s) obtained no result list (a throttle or a bot check before the first position) and count toward nothing.","what_exists":"6 completed run(s) on openalex; 265 unique works screened, 0 read in full; 9 decided hit(s); reviewed 2026-09-21.","closure_condition":"Complete the named obligations (every mandatory engine × key to the protocol depth, the conditional composite-name form where a term is frozen, two citation chases), then review the record into demonstration-found or no-demonstration-found.","related_ids":[],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/8200d7ab7e","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:search-incomplete:2026-09-21-p-8fba925ce8-partial","kind":"search-incomplete","record_type":"search","record_id":"search:2026-09-21-p-8fba925ce8-partial","statement":"The reviewed exact-composition search for Temperature gradient → Thermo-osmosis → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work is inconclusive (partial): the atlas does not know whether a demonstration exists, and may not say that none was found.","why_unresolved":"Outstanding route-search-v1 obligations: semantic-scholar driver-mechanism:1 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar mechanism-pair:1-2 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar whole-chain (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar demonstration-precision (attempted, blocked); google-scholar driver-mechanism:1 (attempted, blocked); google-scholar mechanism-pair:1-2; google-scholar whole-chain; google-scholar demonstration-precision. 5 attempt(s) obtained no result list (a throttle or a bot check before the first position) and count toward nothing.","what_exists":"9 completed run(s) on openalex; 139 unique works screened, 1 read in full; 21 decided hit(s); reviewed 2026-09-21.","closure_condition":"Complete the named obligations (every mandatory engine × key to the protocol depth, the conditional composite-name form where a term is frozen, two citation chases), then review the record into demonstration-found or no-demonstration-found.","related_ids":["10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118636","10.1016/j.desal.2024.117485","10.1038/nenergy.2016.90","10.1080/19443994.2014.946724","10.1021/acsami.1c03395","10.1007/s11431-021-1926-6","10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117765","10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03642","10.1021/acs.est.7b02213","10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100558","10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120039","10.1016/j.desal.2022.115799"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/8fba925ce8","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:search-incomplete:2026-09-21-p-a093d7ecc5-partial","kind":"search-incomplete","record_type":"search","record_id":"search:2026-09-21-p-a093d7ecc5-partial","statement":"The reviewed exact-composition search for Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Flexoelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work is inconclusive (partial): the atlas does not know whether a demonstration exists, and may not say that none was found.","why_unresolved":"Outstanding route-search-v1 obligations: semantic-scholar driver-mechanism:1 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar mechanism-pair:1-2 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar whole-chain (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar demonstration-precision (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar composite-name (attempted, blocked); google-scholar driver-mechanism:1 (attempted, blocked); google-scholar mechanism-pair:1-2; google-scholar whole-chain; google-scholar demonstration-precision; google-scholar composite-name. 6 attempt(s) obtained no result list (a throttle or a bot check before the first position) and count toward nothing.","what_exists":"14 completed run(s) on openalex, manual; 205 unique works screened, 1 read in full; 22 decided hit(s); reviewed 2026-09-21.","closure_condition":"Complete the named obligations (every mandatory engine × key to the protocol depth, the conditional composite-name form where a term is frozen, two citation chases), then review the record into demonstration-found or no-demonstration-found.","related_ids":["10.1002/adfm.201910371","10.1063/1.4949358","10.1103/physrevmaterials.2.034401","10.1021/acsaelm.8b00107","10.1007/s43207-023-00326-0","10.34133/research.1048","10.1103/dxp2-cf75","10.1111/jace.12580","10.1070/pu1987v030n07abeh002926","10.1002/adfm.75910","10.1063/5.0218259","10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2018.12.003"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/a093d7ecc5","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:search-incomplete:2026-09-21-p-b820ec885f-partial","kind":"search-incomplete","record_type":"search","record_id":"search:2026-09-21-p-b820ec885f-partial","statement":"The reviewed exact-composition search for Temperature gradient → Thermopolarization effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work is inconclusive (partial): the atlas does not know whether a demonstration exists, and may not say that none was found.","why_unresolved":"Outstanding route-search-v1 obligations: semantic-scholar driver-mechanism:1; semantic-scholar whole-chain; semantic-scholar demonstration-precision; semantic-scholar composite-name; google-scholar driver-mechanism:1; google-scholar whole-chain; google-scholar demonstration-precision; google-scholar composite-name; citation chases 0 of 2.","what_exists":"6 completed run(s) on openalex; 48 unique works screened, 0 read in full; 8 decided hit(s); reviewed 2026-09-21.","closure_condition":"Complete the named obligations (every mandatory engine × key to the protocol depth, the conditional composite-name form where a term is frozen, two citation chases), then review the record into demonstration-found or no-demonstration-found.","related_ids":["10.3390/act13120533","10.1364/ao.32.000278","10.1002/1521-396x(199709)163:1<263::aid-pssa263>3.0.co;2-t","10.1039/c6cp03082c","10.1080/01495739.2023.2293046","10.1080/07315179508204274","10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c05870","10.1103/physrevb.105.245125"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/b820ec885f","on_default_frontier":false},{"id":"residual:search-incomplete:2026-09-21-p-ccef4f212b-partial","kind":"search-incomplete","record_type":"search","record_id":"search:2026-09-21-p-ccef4f212b-partial","statement":"The reviewed exact-composition search for Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Hot gas → Magnetohydrodynamic generation → Charge carriers → Electrical work is inconclusive (partial): the atlas does not know whether a demonstration exists, and may not say that none was found.","why_unresolved":"Outstanding route-search-v1 obligations: semantic-scholar driver-mechanism:1 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar mechanism-pair:1-2 (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar whole-chain (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar demonstration-precision (attempted, blocked); semantic-scholar composite-name (attempted, blocked); google-scholar driver-mechanism:1 (attempted, blocked); google-scholar mechanism-pair:1-2; google-scholar whole-chain; google-scholar demonstration-precision; google-scholar composite-name; citation chases 0 of 2. 6 attempt(s) obtained no result list (a throttle or a bot check before the first position) and count toward nothing.","what_exists":"6 completed run(s) on openalex; 247 unique works screened, 0 read in full; 16 decided hit(s); reviewed 2026-09-21.","closure_condition":"Complete the named obligations (every mandatory engine × key to the protocol depth, the conditional composite-name form where a term is frozen, two citation chases), then review the record into demonstration-found or no-demonstration-found.","related_ids":["10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00506-4","10.2514/3.11490","10.2514/3.23837","10.13182/nse92-a23881","10.2514/8.6126","10.1007/s10512-008-9082-1","10.13182/nt04-a3480","10.2514/3.61680","10.3327/jaesj.10.390","10.1088/0029-5515/10/4/012"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/ccef4f212b","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:source-read-pending:2026-09-20-p-1043a15e01-partial:10-1007-978-81-322-2743-4-151","kind":"source-read-pending","record_type":"search-hit","record_id":"search:2026-09-20-p-1043a15e01-partial · 10.1007/978-81-322-2743-4_151","statement":"\"Flow in Thermomagnetic Energy Conversion Loops\" (2016) could not be decided for the search search:2026-09-20-p-1043a15e01-partial: the text available was insufficient to say whether it demonstrates the composition.","why_unresolved":"Book chapter on flow in thermomagnetic energy-conversion loops; no abstract accessible; nothing indicates an electrokinetic step.","what_exists":"Decision insufficient-information; access: metadata-only; doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2743-4_151.","closure_condition":"Read the full text and decide the hit (qualifies / a stated exclusion), then reconsider the record's result.","related_ids":["10.1007/978-81-322-2743-4_151"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/1043a15e01","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:source-read-pending:2026-09-20-p-1043a15e01-partial:10-1016-j-jmmm-2013-02-012","kind":"source-read-pending","record_type":"search-hit","record_id":"search:2026-09-20-p-1043a15e01-partial · 10.1016/j.jmmm.2013.02.012","statement":"\"Synthesis and characterization of Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 and Fe3O4 nanoparticle ferrofluids for thermo-electric conversion\" (2013) could not be decided for the search search:2026-09-20-p-1043a15e01-partial: the text available was insufficient to say whether it demonstrates the composition.","why_unresolved":"Title names ferrofluids for thermo-electric conversion; nothing indicates a streaming (electrokinetic) step rather than electromagnetic induction; no abstract accessible. To be read when the text is available.","what_exists":"Decision insufficient-information; access: metadata-only; doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2013.02.012.","closure_condition":"Read the full text and decide the hit (qualifies / a stated exclusion), then reconsider the record's result.","related_ids":["10.1016/j.jmmm.2013.02.012"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/1043a15e01","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:source-read-pending:2026-09-20-p-41cb505083-partial:in-situ-studies-of-the-effect-of-co2-on-the-initial-nacl-ind","kind":"source-read-pending","record_type":"search-hit","record_id":"search:2026-09-20-p-41cb505083-partial · In Situ Studies of the Effect of CO2 on the Initial NaCl-Induced Atmospheric Corrosion of Copper","statement":"\"In Situ Studies of the Effect of CO2 on the Initial NaCl-Induced Atmospheric Corrosion of Copper\" (2005) could not be decided for the search search:2026-09-20-p-41cb505083-partial: the text available was insufficient to say whether it demonstrates the composition.","why_unresolved":"A corrosion study whose text suggests that a surface-tension gradient in the electrolyte droplet induces Marangoni convection that could give rise to a streaming potential difference; no energy conversion is measured and the passage is known only from Scholar's snippet. Not read.","what_exists":"Decision insufficient-information; access: metadata-only.","closure_condition":"Read the full text and decide the hit (qualifies / a stated exclusion), then reconsider the record's result.","related_ids":[],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/41cb505083","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:source-read-pending:2026-09-21-p-8200d7ab7e-partial:analytical-design-and-performance-studies-of-nuclear-furnace","kind":"source-read-pending","record_type":"search-hit","record_id":"search:2026-09-21-p-8200d7ab7e-partial · Analytical design and performance studies of nuclear furnace tests of small nuclear light bulb models","statement":"\"Analytical design and performance studies of nuclear furnace tests of small nuclear light bulb models\" (1972) could not be decided for the search search:2026-09-21-p-8200d7ab7e-partial: the text available was insufficient to say whether it demonstrates the composition.","why_unresolved":"United Aircraft 1972: designs for in-reactor (Nuclear Furnace) tests of small light-bulb models — whether any in-reactor test was carried out before the programme ended is the one question that decides this route, unread.","what_exists":"Decision insufficient-information; access: metadata-only.","closure_condition":"Read the full text and decide the hit (qualifies / a stated exclusion), then reconsider the record's result.","related_ids":[],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/8200d7ab7e","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:source-read-pending:2026-09-21-p-8fba925ce8-partial:10-1016-j-desal-2024-117485","kind":"source-read-pending","record_type":"search-hit","record_id":"search:2026-09-21-p-8fba925ce8-partial · 10.1016/j.desal.2024.117485","statement":"\"Thermal-driven osmosis utilizing hollow fiber membranes: Sustainable dye water treatment and electricity extraction\" (2024) could not be decided for the search search:2026-09-21-p-8fba925ce8-partial: the text available was insufficient to say whether it demonstrates the composition.","why_unresolved":"Abstract reports a hollow-fibre thermo-osmotic system in which accumulated condensate pressure drives a water turbine and states electricity generation was achieved, but the 16.75 W m⁻³ result is stated for ideal conditions and the paper also uses a theoretical optimisation model; the inaccessible full text prevents determining whether the turbine's electrical output was physically measured. Library full-text review required.","what_exists":"Decision insufficient-information; access: abstract; doi:10.1016/j.desal.2024.117485.","closure_condition":"Read the full text and decide the hit (qualifies / a stated exclusion), then reconsider the record's result.","related_ids":["10.1016/j.desal.2024.117485"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/8fba925ce8","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:source-read-pending:2026-09-21-p-a093d7ecc5-partial:10-1002-adfm-75910","kind":"source-read-pending","record_type":"search-hit","record_id":"search:2026-09-21-p-a093d7ecc5-partial · 10.1002/adfm.75910","statement":"\"Dual-Mode Flexoelectric Nanogenerators Activated by Light and Heat for Broad-Spectral Photodetection and Thermal Response\" (2026) could not be decided for the search search:2026-09-21-p-a093d7ecc5-partial: the text available was insufficient to say whether it demonstrates the composition.","why_unresolved":"Experimental heat-driven flexoelectric nanogenerator (Han et al. 2026, Adv. Funct. Mater.): under temperature variation the heterojunction components deform differentially, the interfacial strain gradient drives flexoelectric polarization and a measured current (effective pyroelectric coefficient up to 7518 μC m⁻² K⁻¹). If the full text confirms the driver and still reports no load: sink-variant; if it reports load power attributable to thermal-mode flexoelectric generation, it may supersede Iwakiri 2026 as the qualifying hit.","what_exists":"Decision insufficient-information; access: abstract; doi:10.1002/adfm.75910.","closure_condition":"Read the full text and decide the hit (qualifies / a stated exclusion), then reconsider the record's result.","related_ids":["10.1002/adfm.75910"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/a093d7ecc5","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:source-read-pending:2026-09-21-p-a093d7ecc5-partial:10-1007-s43207-023-00326-0","kind":"source-read-pending","record_type":"search-hit","record_id":"search:2026-09-21-p-a093d7ecc5-partial · 10.1007/s43207-023-00326-0","statement":"\"Enhancement of thermal-electrical like response by flexoelectric effect in sodium bismuth titanate bilayer ceramics with compositional inhomogeneity\" (2023) could not be decided for the search search:2026-09-21-p-a093d7ecc5-partial: the text available was insufficient to say whether it demonstrates the composition.","why_unresolved":"A bilayer NBT ceramic whose compositional gradient and differing thermal expansion leave a sintering strain gradient; a 'thermal-electrical like response' larger than the single layer's is attributed to a flexoelectric-like built-in potential coupled with conductivity. Whether an imposed temperature gradient drives a thermal-expansion strain gradient in operation, and what output is measured, cannot be settled from the abstract (Springer page).","what_exists":"Decision insufficient-information; access: abstract; doi:10.1007/s43207-023-00326-0.","closure_condition":"Read the full text and decide the hit (qualifies / a stated exclusion), then reconsider the record's result.","related_ids":["10.1007/s43207-023-00326-0"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/a093d7ecc5","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:source-read-pending:2026-09-21-p-ccef4f212b-partial:10-1016-s0168-9002-00-00506-4","kind":"source-read-pending","record_type":"search-hit","record_id":"search:2026-09-21-p-ccef4f212b-partial · 10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00506-4","statement":"\"Ultra-thin 242mAm fuel elements in nuclear reactors\" (2000) could not be decided for the search search:2026-09-21-p-ccef4f212b-partial: the text available was insufficient to say whether it demonstrates the composition.","why_unresolved":"Ronen & Shwageraus 2000 (Nucl. Instrum. Methods A): the whole-chain form's only hit — ultra-thin americium-242m fuel elements whose fission fragments escape the fuel, a basis for fission-fragment-heated gas concepts; no abstract on record, the MHD connection unverified.","what_exists":"Decision insufficient-information; access: metadata-only; doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00506-4.","closure_condition":"Read the full text and decide the hit (qualifies / a stated exclusion), then reconsider the record's result.","related_ids":["10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00506-4"],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/ccef4f212b","on_default_frontier":true},{"id":"residual:source-read-pending:2026-09-21-p-ccef4f212b-partial:mhd-power-generation-with-a-nuclear-reactor-as-the-heat-sour","kind":"source-read-pending","record_type":"search-hit","record_id":"search:2026-09-21-p-ccef4f212b-partial · MHD POWER GENERATION WITH A NUCLEAR REACTOR AS THE HEAT SOURCE.","statement":"\"MHD POWER GENERATION WITH A NUCLEAR REACTOR AS THE HEAT SOURCE.\" (1970) could not be decided for the search search:2026-09-21-p-ccef4f212b-partial: the text available was insufficient to say whether it demonstrates the composition.","why_unresolved":"Hattori, Noguchi & Tanaka 1970 (OSTI, no abstract): by title a study of reactor-heated MHD generation; whether anything ran is unverified.","what_exists":"Decision insufficient-information; access: metadata-only.","closure_condition":"Read the full text and decide the hit (qualifies / a stated exclusion), then reconsider the record's result.","related_ids":[],"public_url":"https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/ccef4f212b","on_default_frontier":true}]}