Concentration gradient —drives→ Concentration cell effect

Conditions

• two electrodes of the same kind in solutions of different activity joined by a salt bridge or membrane

Constitutive relation

E = (RT/zF) · ln(a₁/a₂)

Temperature is a parameter of the coefficient, not the driving quantity; the cell is driven by the activity (concentration) ratio between the two half-cells.

Evidence · 1

1. [1]
   A. J. Bard, L. R. Faulkner. Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications (2nd ed.) (2001)

   Wiley · book, no DOI · record

Matrix cells this relation feeds

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

Uses of this claim

• Concentration celldemonstrated · 3 steps

• Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Concentration cell effect → Ionic current → Electrical work5/5 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Concentration cell effect → Ionic current → Electrical work7/7 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Concentration cell effect → Ionic current → Electrical work7/7 established · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Concentration cell effect → Ionic current → Electrical work7/7 established · same energy form
• Incident radiation flux → Photothermal absorption → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Concentration cell effect → Ionic current → Electrical work7/7 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Radiative imbalance with the sky → Radiative sky cooling → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Concentration cell effect → Ionic current → Electrical work7/7 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Concentration cell effect → Ionic current → Electrical work7/7 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fusion → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Concentration cell effect → Ionic current → Electrical work5/7 established · extends a recorded pathway

Cite this claim

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). claim claim:concentration-cell-drives: Concentration gradient —drives→ Concentration cell effect. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/claim/concentration-cell-drives

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