Physical Transformation AtlasPTA
Coupling family · coupling:biological

Biological

Protein machinery converting light or gradients into chemical fuel.

Biophysical transductionalso: photosynthetic, chemiosmotic, biological energy conversion

Atlas record: 2 claims reference this coupling family — 2 established.

Explorerelations · matrix context · sources · cite

2claims0enumerated routes0routes with complete-composition evidence0candidate routes not searched4cited sources

Relations

member of · 2
Photosynthesis—member of→Biologicalestablished
Chemiosmosis—member of→Biologicalestablished

Matrix context

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

D.01 Temperature gradientD.02 Pressure gradientD.03 Concentration gradientD.04 Salinity gradientD.05 Chemical potential differenceD.06 Electric potential differenceD.07 Changing magnetic fluxD.08 Mechanical stress or strainD.09 Mechanical vibrationD.10 Bulk fluid flowD.11 Incident radiation fluxD.12 Radiative imbalance with the skyD.13 Spin accumulationD.14 Metastable phaseD.15 Surface energy differenceD.16 Capillary pressureD.17 Humidity gradientD.18 Osmotic pressure differenceD.19 Gravitational potential differenceD.20 Nuclear binding-energy differenceD.21 Thermal energy at uniform temperatureD.22 Quantum vacuum fluctuationsD.23 Acoustic fieldD.24 Temporal temperature changeD.25 Changing electric field

Cited sources · 4

  1. [1]
    R. E. Blankenship, et al.. Comparing photosynthetic and photovoltaic efficiencies and recognizing the potential for improvement (2011)
    Science 332, 805–809 · doi:10.1126/science.1200165 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  2. [2]
    R. E. Blankenship. Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis (2nd ed.) (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell · book, no DOI · record
  3. [3]
    P. Mitchell. Coupling of phosphorylation to electron and hydrogen transfer by a chemi-osmotic type of mechanism (1961)
    Nature 191, 144–148 · doi:10.1038/191144a0 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  4. [4]
    D. G. Nicholls, S. J. Ferguson. Bioenergetics (4th ed.) (2013)
    Academic Press · doi:10.1016/C2010-0-64902-9 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record

Cite this entity

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). entity coupling:biological: Biological. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/e/coupling/biological

Ids and matrix addresses are stable across revisions; the revision hash identifies the exact canonical files the record was compiled from and is meta.data_hash in every /api export. Reuse terms: see the license field in any export.