Physical Transformation AtlasPTA
Coupling family · coupling:photovoltaic

Photovoltaic

Photon absorption creating carriers separated by a junction or by crystal asymmetry.

Optics and photonicsalso: photovoltaic, solar cell

Atlas record: 3 claims reference this coupling family — 3 established.

Explorerelations · matrix context · sources · cite

3claims0enumerated routes0routes with complete-composition evidence0candidate routes not searched6cited sources

Relations

member of · 3
Photovoltaic effect—member of→Photovoltaicestablished
Bulk photovoltaic effect—member of→Photovoltaicestablished
Thermoradiative effect—member of→Photovoltaicestablished

Matrix context

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

D.01 Temperature gradientD.02 Pressure gradientD.03 Concentration gradientD.04 Salinity gradientD.05 Chemical potential differenceD.06 Electric potential differenceD.07 Changing magnetic fluxD.08 Mechanical stress or strainD.09 Mechanical vibrationD.10 Bulk fluid flowD.11 Incident radiation fluxD.12 Radiative imbalance with the skyD.13 Spin accumulationD.14 Metastable phaseD.15 Surface energy differenceD.16 Capillary pressureD.17 Humidity gradientD.18 Osmotic pressure differenceD.19 Gravitational potential differenceD.20 Nuclear binding-energy differenceD.21 Thermal energy at uniform temperatureD.22 Quantum vacuum fluctuationsD.23 Acoustic fieldD.24 Temporal temperature changeD.25 Changing electric field

Cited sources · 6

  1. [1]
    W. Shockley, H. J. Queisser. Detailed balance limit of efficiency of p-n junction solar cells (1961)
    Journal of Applied Physics 32, 510–519 · doi:10.1063/1.1736034 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  2. [2]
    M. A. Green, et al.. Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 63) (2024)
    Progress in Photovoltaics 32, 3–13 · doi:10.1002/pip.3750 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  3. [3]
    J. E. Spanier, et al.. Power conversion efficiency exceeding the Shockley–Queisser limit in a ferroelectric insulator (2016)
    Nature Photonics 10, 611–616 · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2016.143 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  4. [4]
    V. M. Fridkin. Review of recent work on the bulk photovoltaic effect in ferro and piezoelectrics (1984)
    Ferroelectrics 53, 169–187 · doi:10.1080/00150198408245047 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  5. [5]
    R. Strandberg. Theoretical efficiency limits for thermoradiative energy conversion (2015)
    Journal of Applied Physics 117, 055105 · doi:10.1063/1.4907392 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  6. [6]
    P. T. Landsberg, G. Tonge. Thermodynamic energy conversion efficiencies (1980)
    Journal of Applied Physics 51, R1–R20 · doi:10.1063/1.328187 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record

Cite this entity

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). entity coupling:photovoltaic: Photovoltaic. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/e/coupling/photovoltaic

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