Temperature gradient —drives→ Thermal expansion

Conditions

No conditions recorded.

Evidence · 2

1. [1]
   A. Bejan. Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics (4th ed.) (2016)

   Wiley · doi:10.1002/9781119245964 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
2. [2]
   S. Iwakiri, Y. Miyata, T. Mori. Observation of universal thermopolarization effect in insulators (2026)

   arXiv:2605.17224 (17 May 2026), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba · arxiv.org/abs/2605.17224 · record

Matrix cells this relation feeds

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

Uses of this claim

• Bimetallic-strip piezoelectric harvesterdemonstrated · 5 steps
• Thermal-expansion flexoelectric thermopolarizationobserved · output not delivered · 5 steps

• Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling3/4 established · same energy form
• Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Useful heat3/4 established · same energy form
• Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling5/6 established · candidate
• Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Useful heat5/6 established · candidate
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling5/6 established · candidate
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Useful heat5/6 established · candidate
• Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling5/6 established · candidate
• Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Useful heat5/6 established · candidate
• Incident radiation flux → Photothermal absorption → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling5/6 established · candidate
• Incident radiation flux → Photothermal absorption → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Useful heat5/6 established · candidate
• Radiative imbalance with the sky → Radiative sky cooling → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling5/6 established · candidate
• Radiative imbalance with the sky → Radiative sky cooling → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Useful heat5/6 established · candidate
• Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling5/6 established · candidate
• Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Useful heat5/6 established · candidate
• Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fusion → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling3/6 established · candidate
• Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fusion → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Useful heat3/6 established · candidate
• Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Villari effect → Changing magnetic flux → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastic deformation → Elastic stress → Direct piezoelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work7/7 established · candidate
• Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Temporal temperature change → Pyroelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work7/7 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Direct piezoelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work7/7 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Flexoelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work7/7 established · candidate
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Direct piezoelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work7/7 established · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Flexoelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work7/7 established · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Direct piezoelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work7/7 established · same energy form

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Cite this claim

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). claim claim:thermal-expansion-drives: Temperature gradient —drives→ Thermal expansion. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/claim/thermal-expansion-drives

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