Observation of universal thermopolarization effect in insulators
Atlas use: this preprint is cited as evidence by 4 claims and 1 named pathway. No DOI or URL on record; not machine-verifiable.
Preprint, not peer-reviewed; read in full. An on-chip heater driven at 1 kHz imposes a temperature gradient (≈ 0.5 K modulation) across 0.25–1 mm substrates; the non-uniform thermal expansion's strain gradient produces an out-of-plane flexoelectric polarization, detected as a second-harmonic voltage and as the screening current in a detector electrode, in MgO, Al₂O₃, MnO, mica, PET, PEN, polyimide and soda-lime glass; the heat-to-charge ratio collapses onto one trend against the coefficient of thermal expansion, reproduced by finite-element thermo-mechanics; 1/thickness scaling and an order-of-magnitude enhancement at the glass and antiferromagnetic transitions. No load is driven and no output power is reported: the composition observed, the work not extracted.
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- Flexoelectric vibration harvestercomposition evidence recorded
- Bimetallic-strip piezoelectric harvestercomposition evidence recorded
- Mechanical stress or strain → Flexoelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work3/3 established
- Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling3/4 established
- Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Useful heat3/4 established
- Thermal-expansion flexoelectric thermopolarization5/5 established
- Pressure gradient → Elastic deformation → Mechanical stress or strain → Flexoelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work5/5 established
- Mechanical vibration → Resonant vibration → Mechanical stress or strain → Flexoelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work5/5 established
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling5/6 established
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Useful heat5/6 established
- Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling5/6 established
- Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Useful heat5/6 established
first 12 of 44 routes shown
Claims citing this source · 4
Named pathways citing this source · 1
Cite this source
Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). source source:iwakiri-2026-thermopolarization: Observation of universal thermopolarization effect in insulators. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/source/iwakiri-2026-thermopolarization
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