Temperature gradient —drives→ Thermogalvanic effect

Conditions

• two identical electrodes in one redox electrolyte held at different temperatures
• a redox couple with large reaction entropy (ferri/ferrocyanide gives ≈ −1.4 mV/K)

Constitutive relation

ΔE = (ΔS_rxn / nF) · ΔT

Evidence · 2

1. [1]
   T. I. Quickenden, Y. Mua. A review of power generation in aqueous thermogalvanic cells (1995)

   Journal of the Electrochemical Society 142, 3985 · doi:10.1149/1.2048446 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
2. [2]
   M. F. Dupont, D. R. MacFarlane, J. M. Pringle. Thermo-electrochemical cells for waste heat harvesting – progress and perspectives (2017)

   Chemical Communications 53, 6288–6302 · doi:10.1039/C7CC02160G · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record

Matrix cells this relation feeds

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

Uses of this claim

• Thermogalvanic celldemonstrated · 3 steps

• Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Thermogalvanic effect → Ionic current → Electrical work5/5 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermogalvanic effect → Ionic current → Electrical work5/5 established · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Thermogalvanic effect → Ionic current → Electrical work5/5 established · same energy form
• Incident radiation flux → Photothermal absorption → Temperature gradient → Thermogalvanic effect → Ionic current → Electrical work5/5 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Radiative imbalance with the sky → Radiative sky cooling → Temperature gradient → Thermogalvanic effect → Ionic current → Electrical work5/5 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Temperature gradient → Thermogalvanic effect → Ionic current → Electrical work5/5 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fusion → Temperature gradient → Thermogalvanic effect → Ionic current → Electrical work3/5 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Nuclear binding-energy difference → Radioactive decay → Beta particles → Radioisotope heating → Temperature gradient → Thermogalvanic effect → Ionic current → Electrical work7/7 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Nuclear binding-energy difference → Radioactive decay → Alpha particles → Radioisotope heating → Temperature gradient → Thermogalvanic effect → Ionic current → Electrical work7/7 established · extends a recorded pathway

Cite this claim

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). claim claim:thermogalvanic-drives: Temperature gradient —drives→ Thermogalvanic effect. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/claim/thermogalvanic-drives

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