Physical Transformation AtlasPTA
Constraint · constraint:thermoelectric-zt-bound

Thermoelectric figure-of-merit bound

A thermoelectric generator's efficiency is the Carnot value reduced by a factor set by the material figure of merit ZT = S²σT/κ; evaluated only against a datum that records T_h, T_c and the module's ZT.

Atlas record: 1 claim references this constraint — 1 established.

Explorerelations · sources · cite

η = η_Carnot · (√(1+ZT) − 1)/(√(1+ZT) + T_c/T_h)

1claims0enumerated routes0routes with complete-composition evidence0candidate routes not searched2cited sources

Relations

bounded by · 1
Seebeck effect—bounded by→Thermoelectric figure-of-merit boundestablished

Cited sources · 2

  1. [1]
    A. F. Ioffe. Semiconductor Thermoelements and Thermoelectric Cooling (1957)
    Infosearch · book, no DOI · record
  2. [2]
    G. J. Snyder, E. S. Toberer. Complex thermoelectric materials (2008)
    Nature Materials 7, 105–114 · doi:10.1038/nmat2090 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record

Cite this entity

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). entity constraint:thermoelectric-zt-bound: Thermoelectric figure-of-merit bound. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/e/constraint/thermoelectric-zt-bound

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