Physical Transformation AtlasPTA
Coupling family · coupling:osmotic

Osmotic / salinity-gradient

Mixing free energy of solutions intercepted by selective membranes or electrodes.

Electrochemistryalso: osmotic power, salinity gradient, blue energy, reverse electrodialysis

Atlas record: 4 claims reference this coupling family — 3 established and 1 demonstrated.

Explorerelations · matrix context · sources · cite

4claims0enumerated routes0routes with complete-composition evidence0candidate routes not searched3cited sources

Relations

member of · 4
Reverse electrodialysis—member of→Osmotic / salinity-gradientestablished
Pressure-retarded osmosis—member of→Osmotic / salinity-gradientestablished
Capacitive mixing—member of→Osmotic / salinity-gradientdemonstrated
Osmosis—member of→Osmotic / salinity-gradientestablished

Matrix context

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

D.01 Temperature gradientD.02 Pressure gradientD.03 Concentration gradientD.04 Salinity gradientD.05 Chemical potential differenceD.06 Electric potential differenceD.07 Changing magnetic fluxD.08 Mechanical stress or strainD.09 Mechanical vibrationD.10 Bulk fluid flowD.11 Incident radiation fluxD.12 Radiative imbalance with the skyD.13 Spin accumulationD.14 Metastable phaseD.15 Surface energy differenceD.16 Capillary pressureD.17 Humidity gradientD.18 Osmotic pressure differenceD.19 Gravitational potential differenceD.20 Nuclear binding-energy differenceD.21 Thermal energy at uniform temperatureD.22 Quantum vacuum fluctuationsD.23 Acoustic fieldD.24 Temporal temperature changeD.25 Changing electric field

Cited sources · 3

  1. [1]
    B. E. Logan, M. Elimelech. Membrane-based processes for sustainable power generation using water (2012)
    Nature 488, 313–319 · doi:10.1038/nature11477 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  2. [2]
    D. Brogioli. Extracting renewable energy from a salinity difference using a capacitor (2009)
    Physical Review Letters 103, 058501 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.058501 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  3. [3]
    S. Loeb. Osmotic power plants (1975)
    Science 189, 654–655 · doi:10.1126/science.189.4203.654 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record

Cite this entity

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). entity coupling:osmotic: Osmotic / salinity-gradient. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/e/coupling/osmotic

Ids and matrix addresses are stable across revisions; the revision hash identifies the exact canonical files the record was compiled from and is meta.data_hash in every /api export. Reuse terms: see the license field in any export.