Nuclear binding-energy difference → Light

Matrix context

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

D.20 × C.39 · Nuclear binding-energy difference × Radioluminescentfamily: Radioluminescent

Steps

1. 01
   Nuclear binding-energy difference —drives→ Radioactive decayestablishedclaim record

   nuclear → nuclear

   radioisotope required

   refs [1]
2. 02
   Radioactive decay —produces→ Beta particlesestablishedclaim record

   nuclear → nuclear

   • beta emitters such as tritium, Ni-63, Pm-147, Sr-90

   refs [1]
3. 03
   Beta particles —drives→ Radioluminescenceestablishedclaim record

   nuclear → radiative · loss to thermal

   • a phosphor or scintillator (ZnS:Cu, plastic scintillator) excited by beta particles; tritium and Ni-63 sources are the usual choice for lifetime and shielding

   solid · radioisotope required

   refs [2] [1]
4. 04
   Radioluminescence —converts into→ Lightestablishedclaim record

   radiative → radiative

   • self-powered exit signs, watch dials and gun sights (tritium light sources)

   refs [2]

Evidence for the complete composition · 0

No source on record for this exact composition. The sources below support the individual steps, not the route as a whole.

Evidence for the constituent relations · 2

1. [1]
   M. A. Prelas, et al.. A review of nuclear batteries (2014)

   Progress in Nuclear Energy 75, 117–148 · doi:10.1016/j.pnucene.2014.04.007 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
2. [2]
   A. Iwan, W. Pellowski, K. A. Bogdanowicz. Conversion of Radiophotoluminescence Irradiation into Electricity in Photovoltaic Cells. A Review of Theoretical Considerations and Practical Solutions (2021)

   Energies 14, 6186 · doi:10.3390/en14196186 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-20 · record