Phenomenon · phenomenon:hydrovoltaic-effect

Hydrovoltaic effect

Water evaporating through a nanostructured carbon film drives ion streaming through its pores and sustains a voltage of about a volt across the film.

Surfaces and interfacesfirst reported 2017also: evaporation-induced electricity, water-flow-induced potential on carbon

Atlas record: 5 claims reference this phenomenon — 5 demonstrated.

Explorerelations · matrix context · routes · sources · cite

conditions: aqueous medium required · humidity difference required

5claims2enumerated routes1routes with complete-composition evidence0candidate routes not searched1cited sources

Relations

drives · 1

Capillary pressure—drives→Hydrovoltaic effectdemonstrated

a porous carbon film wicking water with one end exposed to air

produces · 1

Hydrovoltaic effect—produces→Ionic currentdemonstrated

member of · 1

Hydrovoltaic effect—member of→Electrokineticdemonstrated

implemented by · 1

Hydrovoltaic effect—implemented by→Hydrovoltaic generatordemonstrated

observed in · 1

Hydrovoltaic effect—observed in→Nanostructured carbon filmdemonstrated

Matrix context

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

D.16 × C.23 · Capillary pressure × Electrokinetic · Demonstrated

family: Electrokinetic (C.23)

Enumerated routes through this · 2

Hydrovoltaic generator2/5 est · demonstrated
Capillary pressure → Hydrovoltaic effect → Ionic current → Electrical work1/3 est · extends a recorded pathway

Cited sources · 1

[1]
G. Xue, et al.. Water-evaporation-induced electricity with nanostructured carbon materials (2017)
Nature Nanotechnology 12, 317–321 · doi:10.1038/nnano.2016.300 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record

Cite this entity

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). entity phenomenon:hydrovoltaic-effect: Hydrovoltaic effect. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/phenomenon/hydrovoltaic-effect

Ids and matrix addresses are stable across revisions; the revision hash identifies the exact canonical files the record was compiled from and is meta.data_hash in every /api export. Reuse terms: see the license field in any export.