Source · source:chen-2015-evaporation · paper

Scaling up nanoscale water-driven energy conversion into evaporation-driven engines and generators

X. Chen, D. Goodnight, Z. Gao, A. H. Cavusoglu, N. Sabharwal, M. DeLay, A. Driks, O. Sahin2015Nature Communications 6, 7346doi:10.1038/ncomms8346

Atlas use: this paper is cited as evidence by 4 claims and 2 named pathways. Bibliographic record verified against Crossref on 2026-09-19.

Open access, read in full (loop-3 pass 23). Bacterial-spore artificial muscles (HYDRAs) above a water surface drive a self-starting relaxation oscillator (shutters and a bistable beam) and a rotary engine; the oscillator coupled by a thread to an electromagnetic generator (a magnet stack rotating between coils) lit two LEDs in alternation, and across a 100 kΩ resistor delivered bursts reaching 60 μW with an average of 1.8 μW, water at 30 °C, HYDRAs covering 9.6 cm × 7.6 cm; the rotary engine drove a 0.1 kg car.

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Atlas context

Derived from the citing claims only: the families, matrix cells and routes those claims take part in.

family: Electrokinetic (C.23)family: Electromagnetic induction (C.14)

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

D.17 × C.23 · Humidity gradient × Electrokinetic D.07 × C.14 · Changing magnetic flux × Electromagnetic induction

Evaporation-driven enginecomposition evidence recorded
Hydrovoltaic generatorcomposition evidence recorded
Evaporation-driven oscillator generatorcomposition evidence recorded
Humidity gradient → Evaporation → Mechanical motion → Rotating-machine generator action → Charge carriers → Electrical work4/5 established

Claims citing this source · 4

Humidity gradient—drives→Evaporationestablishedrecord

claim:humidity-drives-evaporation

Evaporation—produces→Mechanical motiondemonstratedrecord

claim:evaporation-produces-motion

Evaporation—implemented by→Evaporation-driven oscillator generatordemonstratedrecord

claim:evaporation-implemented-generator

Electromagnetic induction—implemented by→Evaporation-driven oscillator generatordemonstratedrecord

claim:induction-implemented-evaporation-generator

Named pathways citing this source · 2

Evaporation-driven enginedemonstrated
Evaporation-driven oscillator generatordemonstrated

Cite this source

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). source source:chen-2015-evaporation: Scaling up nanoscale water-driven energy conversion into evaporation-driven engines and generators. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/source/chen-2015-evaporation

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