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Carbon-14 Perovskite Betavoltaics Reach Record 10.79% Efficiency

Hong Soo Kim, Ryan Rhee, Junho Lee, Muhammad Bilal Naseem, Jung Hwan Lee, Jong Hyeok Park, Su-Il In2026Carbon Energy 8(5), e70149 (open access; first published 18 December 2025)doi:10.1002/cey2.70149

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Main text and Supporting Information read in the owner's Chrome (loop-3 pass 44; the SI .docx was parsed in the page). 'The MACl-FAPbI3 device integrated with a 14C source (4.5 μCi) exhibits a Jsc of 10.60 nA cm−2, a Voc of 76.92 mV, a FF of 17.41, and an ECE of 10.79%'. SI Equation 1: η = P_max / P_source = J_sc × V_oc × FF / (E_avg × e × A), A = 0.0045 mCi per 1.0 cm² of active area, E_avg = 49.4 keV per decay for ¹⁴C, 1 Ci = 3.7 × 10¹⁰ decays/s; the worked values 0.142 nW / 1.316 nW ≅ 10.79 % — the denominator is the source's total decay power from its nominal activity, with no self-absorption correction. Stack FTO/SnO₂/MACl-FAPbI₃/Spiro-MeOTAD/¹⁴CNP/CQD/FTO; I–V by sourcemeter over −0.1 to +0.8 V; over 15 h continuous operation.

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Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). source source:kim-2026-c14-perovskite-betavoltaic: Carbon-14 Perovskite Betavoltaics Reach Record 10.79% Efficiency. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/source/kim-2026-c14-perovskite-betavoltaic

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