Concentration gradient —drives→ Chemiosmosis

Conditions

• a proton gradient across a membrane containing ATP synthase

Evidence · 2

1. [1]
   P. Mitchell. Coupling of phosphorylation to electron and hydrogen transfer by a chemi-osmotic type of mechanism (1961)

   Nature 191, 144–148 · doi:10.1038/191144a0 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
2. [2]
   D. G. Nicholls, S. J. Ferguson. Bioenergetics (4th ed.) (2013)

   Academic Press · doi:10.1016/C2010-0-64902-9 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record

Matrix cells this relation feeds

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

Uses of this claim

• Chemiosmotic ATP synthesisdemonstrated · 2 steps

• Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Chemiosmosis → Chemical fuel4/4 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Chemiosmosis → Chemical fuel6/6 established · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Chemiosmosis → Chemical fuel6/6 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Chemiosmosis → Chemical fuel6/6 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Incident radiation flux → Photothermal absorption → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Chemiosmosis → Chemical fuel6/6 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Radiative imbalance with the sky → Radiative sky cooling → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Chemiosmosis → Chemical fuel6/6 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Chemiosmosis → Chemical fuel6/6 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fusion → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Chemiosmosis → Chemical fuel4/6 established · extends a recorded pathway

Cite this claim

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). claim claim:chemiosmosis-drives: Concentration gradient —drives→ Chemiosmosis. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/claim/chemiosmosis-drives

Ids and matrix addresses are stable across revisions; the revision hash identifies the exact canonical files the record was compiled from and is meta.data_hash in every /api export. Reuse terms: see the license field in any export.