Concentration gradient —drives→ Dufour effect

Conditions

• a composition gradient in a liquid or gas mixture; the heat flux is the Onsager-reciprocal partner of Soret thermodiffusion

Evidence · 2

1. [1]
   R. L. Rowley, F. H. Horne. The Dufour effect. II. Experimental confirmation of the Onsager heat–mass reciprocal relation for a binary liquid mixture (1978)

   The Journal of Chemical Physics 68, 325-326 · doi:10.1063/1.435458 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-20 · record
2. [2]
   S. R. de Groot, P. Mazur. Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics (1962)

   North-Holland · book, no DOI · record

Matrix cells this relation feeds

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

Uses of this claim

• Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat3/3 established · candidate
• Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat5/5 established · same energy form
• Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat7/7 established · candidate
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat7/7 established · candidate
• Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat7/7 established · candidate
• Incident radiation flux → Photothermal absorption → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat7/7 established · candidate
• Radiative imbalance with the sky → Radiative sky cooling → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat7/7 established · candidate
• Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat7/7 established · candidate
• Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fusion → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat5/7 established · candidate

Cite this claim

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). claim claim:concentration-drives-dufour: Concentration gradient —drives→ Dufour effect. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/claim/concentration-drives-dufour

Ids and matrix addresses are stable across revisions; the revision hash identifies the exact canonical files the record was compiled from and is meta.data_hash in every /api export. Reuse terms: see the license field in any export.