Dufour effect
A concentration gradient in a liquid or gas mixture drives a heat flux, the Onsager-reciprocal partner of the Soret effect. A chemical disequilibrium becomes a thermal one.
Atlas record: 4 claims reference this phenomenon — 4 established.
Explorerelations · matrix context · routes · sources · cite
Relations
- a composition gradient in a liquid or gas mixture; the heat flux is the Onsager-reciprocal partner of Soret thermodiffusion
- near equilibrium the properly defined heat–mass Onsager cross-coefficients are reciprocal when fluxes and conjugate forces use the same convention; this does not imply numerical equality of the convention-dependent Soret and Dufour coefficients
Matrix context
D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.
Enumerated routes through this · 9
- Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat3/3 est · candidate
- Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat5/5 est · same energy form
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat7/7 est · candidate
- Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat7/7 est · candidate
- Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat7/7 est · candidate
- Incident radiation flux → Photothermal absorption → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat7/7 est · candidate
- Radiative imbalance with the sky → Radiative sky cooling → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat7/7 est · candidate
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat7/7 est · candidate
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fusion → Temperature gradient → Soret effect → Concentration gradient → Dufour effect → Heat flow → Useful heat5/7 est · candidate
Cited sources · 4
- [1]R. L. Rowley, F. H. Horne. The Dufour effect. II. Experimental confirmation of the Onsager heat–mass reciprocal relation for a binary liquid mixture (1978)
- [2]S. R. de Groot, P. Mazur. Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics (1962)
- [3]L. Onsager. Reciprocal relations in irreversible processes. I. (1931)
- [4]A. Würger. Do thermal diffusion and Dufour coefficients satisfy Onsager's reciprocity relation? (2014)
Cite this entity
Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). entity phenomenon:dufour-effect: Dufour effect. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/phenomenon/dufour-effect
Ids and matrix addresses are stable across revisions; the revision hash identifies the exact canonical files the record was compiled from and is meta.data_hash in every /api export. Reuse terms: see the license field in any export.