Carrier · carrier:phonons
Phonons
Quantised lattice vibrations carrying heat through a solid.
Atlas record: 2 claims reference this carrier — 2 established.
Explorerelations · routes · sources · cite
conditions: solid
2claims8enumerated routes0routes with complete-composition evidence6candidate routes not searched4cited sources
Relations
drives · 1
- a phonon heat current in a semiconductor at low temperature
Phonon drag is a component of the same conductor's Seebeck coefficient, not a second converter in series with it: Yalamarthy et al. 2019 attribute up to 32 % (300 K) and 88 % (50 K) of the Seebeck coefficient of a thick AlGaN/GaN 2DEG to drag. The compiler therefore treats the heat-conduction → phonon-drag spelling as representation-equivalent to the thermoelectric generator.
produces · 1
- in an electrically insulating or semiconducting solid the heat current is carried by phonons
Enumerated routes through this · 8
- Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Phonons → Phonon drag → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/5 est · candidate
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Phonons → Phonon drag → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · candidate
- Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Phonons → Phonon drag → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · same energy form
- Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Phonons → Phonon drag → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · same energy form
- Incident radiation flux → Photothermal absorption → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Phonons → Phonon drag → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · candidate
- Radiative imbalance with the sky → Radiative sky cooling → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Phonons → Phonon drag → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · candidate
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Phonons → Phonon drag → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · candidate
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fusion → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Phonons → Phonon drag → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/7 est · candidate
Cited sources · 4
- [1]C. Herring. Theory of the thermoelectric power of semiconductors (1954)
- [2]H. J. Goldsmid. Introduction to Thermoelectricity (2nd ed.) (2016)
- [3]A. S. Yalamarthy et al.. Significant Phonon Drag Enables High Power Factor in the AlGaN/GaN Two-Dimensional Electron Gas (2019)
- [4]C. Kittel. Introduction to Solid State Physics (8th ed.) (2005)
Cite this entity
Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). entity carrier:phonons: Phonons. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/e/carrier/phonons
Ids and matrix addresses are stable across revisions; the revision hash identifies the exact canonical files the record was compiled from and is meta.data_hash in every /api export. Reuse terms: see the license field in any export.