Introduction to Solid State Physics (8th ed.)

Atlas context

Derived from the citing claims only: the families, matrix cells and routes those claims take part in.

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

• Photovoltaic modulecomposition evidence recorded
• Vacuum photocellcomposition evidence recorded
• Thermophotovoltaic conversioncomposition evidence recorded
• Betavoltaic batterycomposition evidence recorded
• Combustion-driven micro-thermophotovoltaic generatorcomposition evidence recorded
• Radioluminescent (beta-photovoltaic) nuclear batterycomposition evidence recorded
• Nuclear binding-energy difference → Radioactive decay → Alpha particles → Alphavoltaic effect → Electron–hole pairs → Electrical work5/5 established
• Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Phonons → Phonon drag → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/5 established
• Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Thermal emission → Photons → Photovoltaic effect → Electron–hole pairs → Electrical work7/7 established
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermal emission → Photons → Photovoltaic effect → Electron–hole pairs → Electrical work7/7 established
• Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Thermal emission → Photons → Photovoltaic effect → Electron–hole pairs → Electrical work7/7 established
• Incident radiation flux → Photothermal absorption → Temperature gradient → Thermal emission → Photons → Photovoltaic effect → Electron–hole pairs → Electrical work7/7 established

first 12 of 24 routes shown

Claims citing this source · 7

Named pathways citing this source · 1

• Vacuum photocelldemonstrated

Cite this source

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). source source:kittel-2005: Introduction to Solid State Physics (8th ed.). Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/source/kittel-2005

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