Phenomenon · phenomenon:heat-conduction
Heat conduction
Heat flows down a temperature gradient at a rate set by the thermal conductivity. The universal loss channel that competes with every thermal conversion.
Atlas record: 3 claims reference this phenomenon — 3 established.
Explorerelations · routes · sources · cite
3claims18enumerated routes2routes with complete-composition evidence6candidate routes not searched2cited sources
Relations
drives · 1
q = −κ · ∇T · thermal conductivity κ [W/(m K)]
Enumerated routes through this · 18
- Heat exchanger3/3 est · demonstrated
- Radioisotope heater unit7/7 est · demonstrated
- Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Phonons → Phonon drag → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/5 est · candidate
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Heat flow → Useful heat5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Heat flow → Useful heat5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Heat flow → Useful heat5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Incident radiation flux → Photothermal absorption → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Heat flow → Useful heat5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Radiative imbalance with the sky → Radiative sky cooling → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Heat flow → Useful heat5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Heat flow → Useful heat5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fusion → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Heat flow → Useful heat3/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Phonons → Phonon drag → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · candidate
- Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Phonons → Phonon drag → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · same energy form
- Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Phonons → Phonon drag → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · same energy form
- Incident radiation flux → Photothermal absorption → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Phonons → Phonon drag → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · candidate
- Radiative imbalance with the sky → Radiative sky cooling → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Phonons → Phonon drag → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · candidate
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Radioactive decay → Beta particles → Radioisotope heating → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Heat flow → Useful heat7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Phonons → Phonon drag → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · candidate
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fusion → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Phonons → Phonon drag → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/7 est · candidate
Cited sources · 2
- [1]C. Kittel. Introduction to Solid State Physics (8th ed.) (2005)
- [2]A. Bejan. Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics (4th ed.) (2016)
Cite this entity
Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). entity phenomenon:heat-conduction: Heat conduction. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/phenomenon/heat-conduction
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