Physical Transformation AtlasPTA
Coupling family · coupling:thermionic

Thermionic

Electron emission from a hot cathode across a vacuum gap.

Condensed matteralso: thermionic, thermionic emission, thermionic converter

Atlas record: 3 claims reference this coupling family — 3 established.

Explorerelations · matrix context · sources · cite

3claims0enumerated routes0routes with complete-composition evidence0candidate routes not searched3cited sources

Relations

member of · 3
Photoelectric effect—member of→Thermionicestablished
Photon-enhanced thermionic emission—member of→Thermionicestablished
Thermionic emission—member of→Thermionicestablished

Matrix context

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

D.01 Temperature gradientD.02 Pressure gradientD.03 Concentration gradientD.04 Salinity gradientD.05 Chemical potential differenceD.06 Electric potential differenceD.07 Changing magnetic fluxD.08 Mechanical stress or strainD.09 Mechanical vibrationD.10 Bulk fluid flowD.11 Incident radiation fluxD.12 Radiative imbalance with the skyD.13 Spin accumulationD.14 Metastable phaseD.15 Surface energy differenceD.16 Capillary pressureD.17 Humidity gradientD.18 Osmotic pressure differenceD.19 Gravitational potential differenceD.20 Nuclear binding-energy differenceD.21 Thermal energy at uniform temperatureD.22 Quantum vacuum fluctuationsD.23 Acoustic fieldD.24 Temporal temperature changeD.25 Changing electric field

Cited sources · 3

  1. [1]
    J. W. Schwede, et al.. Photon-enhanced thermionic emission for solar concentrator systems (2010)
    Nature Materials 9, 762–767 · doi:10.1038/nmat2814 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  2. [2]
    C. Kittel. Introduction to Solid State Physics (8th ed.) (2005)
    Wiley · book, no DOI · record
  3. [3]
    G. N. Hatsopoulos, E. P. Gyftopoulos. Thermionic Energy Conversion, Vol. 1: Processes and Devices (1973)
    MIT Press · book, no DOI · record

Cite this entity

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). entity coupling:thermionic: Thermionic. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/e/coupling/thermionic

Ids and matrix addresses are stable across revisions; the revision hash identifies the exact canonical files the record was compiled from and is meta.data_hash in every /api export. Reuse terms: see the license field in any export.