Fluid flow —drives→ Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift

Conditions

• a rotor or vane in the produced stream at a working angle of attack; the driven flow must carry a directed momentum flux for a blade to load

Evidence · 2

1. [1]
   A. Betz. Das Maximum der theoretisch möglichen Ausnützung des Windes durch Windmotoren (1920)

   Zeitschrift für das gesamte Turbinenwesen 26, 307–309 · paper, no DOI · record
2. [2]
   S. L. Dixon, C. A. Hall. Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery (7th ed.) (2014)

   Butterworth-Heinemann · doi:10.1016/C2011-0-05059-7 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record

Related matrix context

This claim does not itself create a matrix cell. The context below belongs to Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift, the phenomenon it is about.

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

Uses of this claim

• Thermo-osmotic energy conversion (TOEC)proposed in the literature, not demonstrated · 5 steps
• Thermomagnetic fluid enginedemonstrated · 5 steps

• Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work5/5 established · unresolved handoff
• Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work4/5 established · candidate
• Surface energy difference → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work5/5 established · unresolved handoff
• Surface energy difference → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work4/5 established · candidate
• Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 established · unresolved handoff
• Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Rotating-machine generator action → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 established · unresolved handoff
• Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work6/7 established · candidate
• Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Rotating-machine generator action → Charge carriers → Electrical work6/7 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Temperature gradient → Thermo-osmosis → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 established · candidate
• Temperature gradient → Thermo-osmosis → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Rotating-machine generator action → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Rotating-machine generator action → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work7/7 established · unresolved handoff
• Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work6/7 established · candidate
• Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Thermo-osmosis → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work7/7 established · candidate
• Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work7/7 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work7/7 established · unresolved handoff
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work6/7 established · candidate
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermo-osmosis → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work7/7 established · candidate
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work7/7 established · extends a recorded pathway
• Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work7/7 established · unresolved handoff
• Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work6/7 established · candidate
• Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Thermo-osmosis → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work7/7 established · candidate
• Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work7/7 established · extends a recorded pathway

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Cite this claim

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). claim claim:fluid-flow-carrier-drives-lift: Fluid flow —drives→ Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/claim/fluid-flow-carrier-drives-lift

Ids and matrix addresses are stable across revisions; the revision hash identifies the exact canonical files the record was compiled from and is meta.data_hash in every /api export. Reuse terms: see the license field in any export.