Phenomenon · phenomenon:aerodynamic-lift

Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift

Fluid flowing over a shaped blade exerts a force with a component perpendicular to the flow. On a rotor this becomes torque; the kinetic energy of the stream becomes shaft work.

Fluid mechanicsfirst reported 1900also: rotor torque, blade lift, turbine action, hydraulic turbine, turbine

Atlas record: 11 claims reference this phenomenon — 8 established and 3 demonstrated.

Explorerelations · matrix context · routes · sources · cite

conditions: bulk flow required

11claims88enumerated routes6routes with complete-composition evidence27candidate routes not searched4cited sources

Relations

drives · 4

Fluid flow—drives→Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic liftestablished

a rotor or vane in the produced stream at a working angle of attack; the driven flow must carry a directed momentum flux for a blade to load

Bulk fluid flow—drives→Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic liftestablished

a rotor whose blades meet the stream at a working angle of attack

Hydraulic pressure—drives→Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic liftestablished

pressurised water expanded through a reaction or impulse turbine

Pressure gradient—drives→Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic liftestablished

a pressure difference driving flow through a turbine stage

produces · 1

Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift—produces→Mechanical motionestablished

member of · 1

Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift—member of→Turbomachineryestablished

implemented by · 4

Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift—implemented by→Wind turbineestablished

Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift—implemented by→Tidal stream turbinedemonstrated

Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift—implemented by→Thermomagnetic fluid enginedemonstrated

the rotor sits in the circulating magnetic fluid and is turned by it

Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift—implemented by→Permeate-gap thermo-osmotic generator (PGTO)demonstrated

The small hydro-turbine generator of layout 1, fed from the elevated tank; the bulb was lit, no output figure is reported.

bounded by · 1

Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift—bounded by→Betz limitestablished

open rotor without a duct

Matrix context

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

D.10 × C.24 · Bulk fluid flow × Turbomachinery · Established D.02 × C.24 · Pressure gradient × Turbomachinery · Established

family: Turbomachinery (C.24)

Enumerated routes through this · 88 (showing 24)

Windmill (mechanical)3/3 est · demonstrated
Thermomagnetic fluid engine5/5 est · demonstrated
Wind turbine5/5 est · demonstrated
Pressure-retarded osmosis plant7/7 est · demonstrated
Hydroelectric plant7/7 est · demonstrated
Tidal stream plant7/7 est · demonstrated
Pressure gradient → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work3/3 est · same energy form
Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work5/5 est · unresolved handoff
Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work4/5 est · candidate
Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Pressure gradient → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work4/5 est · weakly supported
Thermo-osmotic energy conversion (TOEC)5/5 est · candidate
Pressure gradient → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/5 est · candidate
Pressure gradient → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Rotating-machine generator action → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
Salinity gradient → Pressure-retarded osmosis → Hydraulic pressure → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
Bulk fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/5 est · candidate
Bulk fluid flow → Ocean wave motion → Pressure gradient → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work5/5 est · candidate
Surface energy difference → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work5/5 est · unresolved handoff
Surface energy difference → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work4/5 est · candidate
Surface energy difference → Marangoni effect → Pressure gradient → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work4/5 est · weakly supported
Osmotic pressure difference → Pressure-retarded osmosis → Hydraulic pressure → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
Gravitational potential difference → Gravitational descent of fluid → Hydraulic pressure → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
Gravitational potential difference → Gravitational descent of fluid → Bulk fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
Gravitational potential difference → Tidal flow → Bulk fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · unresolved handoff

Cited sources · 4

[1]
S. L. Dixon, C. A. Hall. Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery (7th ed.) (2014)
Butterworth-Heinemann · doi:10.1016/C2011-0-05059-7 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
[2]
A. Betz. Das Maximum der theoretisch möglichen Ausnützung des Windes durch Windmotoren (1920)
Zeitschrift für das gesamte Turbinenwesen 26, 307–309 · paper, no DOI · record
[3]
L. Zhou et al.. A new miniaturized engine based on thermomagnetic effect of magnetic fluids (2009)
Frontiers of Energy and Power Engineering in China 3, 160–166 · doi:10.1007/s11708-009-0018-9 · record
[4]
T. Xiao et al.. Permeate gap thermo-osmotic system for simultaneous freshwater production, energy storage, and power generation (2024)
Energy Conversion and Management 314, 118636 · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118636 · record

Cite this entity

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). entity phenomenon:aerodynamic-lift: Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/phenomenon/aerodynamic-lift

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