Electric potential difference

Relations

Matrix context

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

Enumerated routes through this · 123 (showing 24)

• Peltier cooler2/2 est · demonstrated
• Electric potential difference → Hall effect → Charge carriers → Electrical work3/3 est · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermal emission → Light4/4 est · extends a recorded pathway
• Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Thermal emission → Light4/4 est · extends a recorded pathway
• Electric potential difference → Converse piezoelectric effect → Elastic stress → Direct piezoelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work5/5 est · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Spin Hall effect → Spin current → Inverse spin Hall effect → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/5 est · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Alkali-metal thermal-to-electric conversion → Ionic current → Electrical work3/5 est · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Ionic thermoelectric effect → Ionic current → Electrical work5/5 est · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermal shape-memory effect → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermochemical redox cycle → Chemical fuel (H₂, CO, syngas) → Chemical fuel5/5 est · candidate
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermopolarization effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work3/5 est · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermopolarization effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work3/5 est · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Seebeck effect → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/5 est · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Heat conduction → Heat flow → Useful heat5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermionic emission → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/5 est · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermogalvanic effect → Ionic current → Electrical work5/5 est · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle → Ionic current → Electrical work3/5 est · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Nernst effect → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/5 est · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Anomalous Nernst effect → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/5 est · same energy form
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Working-fluid expansion (heat-engine cycle) → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Ocean thermal energy conversion → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work3/5 est · candidate
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Advective heat transport → Heat flow → Useful heat5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
• Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Alkali-metal thermal-to-electric conversion → Ionic current → Electrical work3/5 est · same energy form

Cited sources · 8

1. [1]
   J. F. Nye. Physical Properties of Crystals: Their Representation by Tensors and Matrices (1985)

   Oxford University Press · book, no DOI · record
2. [2]
   J. Sinova et al.. Spin Hall effects (2015)

   Reviews of Modern Physics 87, 1213 · doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.87.1213 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
3. [3]
   E. H. Hall. On a new action of the magnet on electric currents (1879)

   American Journal of Mathematics 2, 287–292 · doi:10.2307/2369245 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
4. [4]
   N. W. Ashcroft, N. D. Mermin. Solid State Physics (1976)

   Holt, Rinehart and Winston · book, no DOI · record
5. [5]
   J. C. A. Peltier. Nouvelles expériences sur la caloricité des courants électriques (1834)

   Annales de Chimie et de Physique 56, 371–386 · paper, no DOI · record
6. [6]
   H. J. Goldsmid. Introduction to Thermoelectricity (2nd ed.) (2016)

   Springer Series in Materials Science 121 · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49256-7 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
7. [7]
   A. von Ettingshausen, W. Nernst. Ueber das Auftreten electromotorischer Kräfte in Metallplatten, welche von einem Wärmestrome durchflossen werden und sich im magnetischen Felde befinden (1886)

   Annalen der Physik 265, 343–347 · doi:10.1002/andp.18862651010 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
8. [8]
   H. B. Callen. The application of Onsager's reciprocal relations to thermoelectric, thermomagnetic, and galvanomagnetic effects (1948)

   Physical Review 73, 1349 · doi:10.1103/PhysRev.73.1349 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record

Cite this entity

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