Physical Transformation AtlasPTA
Pathway · p-40987a482c · demonstrated

Peltier cooler

Electric potential differencePeltier effectCooling

Current through a thermoelectric junction pumps heat from the cold side.

Epistemic state of the route

known constituent relations
2 / 2 established or replicated · weakest constituent established
constituent maturity floor
K4 · experimentally observed
search for this exact route
A recorded pathway or a reviewed search records a demonstration of this composition.
recorded pathway
Peltier cooler · commercial
composition maturity
K8 · commercial technology
recorded-pathway overlap
this route is the recorded pathway Peltier cooler
route-level evidence
2 sources for the complete composition · 3 cited by the constituent steps
boundaries and interfaces
BOUNDARY compatible · no region transition

Explorematrix context · physics checks · performance · steps · route evidence · constituent evidence · cite

Matrix context

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

D.06 × C.01 · Electric potential difference × Thermoelectricfamily: Thermoelectric

Measured or reported performance

Summary figures only; no datum-level record yet. Each figure below is a reviewed summary, not a single measurement.

notes
COP ≈ 0.5–1 for small ΔT; electrical work in, cooling out

Steps

  1. 01
    Electric potential difference —drives→ Peltier effectestablishedclaim record
    electrical → thermal · loss to thermal
    • a current through a junction of dissimilar conductors
    solid · conductor required
    refs [1] [2]
  2. 02
    Peltier effect —converts into→ Coolingestablishedclaim record
    thermal → thermal · loss to thermal
    refs [3] [2]

Evidence for the complete composition · 2

  1. [3]
    A. F. Ioffe. Semiconductor Thermoelements and Thermoelectric Cooling (1957)
    Infosearch · book, no DOI · record
  2. [2]
    H. J. Goldsmid. Introduction to Thermoelectricity (2nd ed.) (2016)
    Springer Series in Materials Science 121 · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49256-7 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record

Evidence for the constituent relations · 3

  1. [1]
    J. C. A. Peltier. Nouvelles expériences sur la caloricité des courants électriques (1834)
    Annales de Chimie et de Physique 56, 371–386 · paper, no DOI · record
  2. [2]
    H. J. Goldsmid. Introduction to Thermoelectricity (2nd ed.) (2016)
    Springer Series in Materials Science 121 · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49256-7 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  3. [3]
    A. F. Ioffe. Semiconductor Thermoelements and Thermoelectric Cooling (1957)
    Infosearch · book, no DOI · record

Cite this route

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). route p-40987a482c: Peltier cooler. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/40987a482c

Ids and matrix addresses are stable across revisions; the revision hash identifies the exact canonical files the record was compiled from and is meta.data_hash in every /api export. Reuse terms: see the license field in any export.