Physical Transformation AtlasPTA
Pathway · p-1ae841e969 · candidate

Surface energy difference → Electrical work

Surface energy differenceDroplet contact electrificationSeparated surface chargeElectrical work

Epistemic state of the route

known constituent relations
3 / 3 established or replicated · weakest constituent replicated
constituent maturity floor
K4 · experimentally observed
search for this exact route
Not assessed — complete composition not searched.
recorded-pathway overlap
none recorded
route-level evidence
0 sources for the complete composition · 3 cited by the constituent steps
boundaries and interfaces
BOUNDARY compatible · no region transition

Explorematrix context · physics checks · steps · route evidence · constituent evidence · cite

Matrix context

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

D.15 × C.12 · Surface energy difference × Triboelectricfamily: Triboelectric

Steps

  1. 01
    Surface energy difference —drives→ Droplet contact electrificationreplicatedclaim record
    surface → electrical · loss to thermal
    • water droplets impacting a pre-charged PTFE surface bridging to an electrode
    liquid
    refs [1] [2]
  2. 02
    Droplet contact electrification —produces→ Separated surface chargereplicatedclaim record
    electrical → electrical
    refs [1] [2]
  3. 03
    Separated surface charge —converts into→ Electrical workestablishedclaim record
    electrical → electrical · loss to thermal
    • electrodes on the charged surfaces connected through a load
    refs [3]

Evidence for the complete composition · 0

No source on record for this exact composition. The sources below support the individual steps, not the route as a whole.

Evidence for the constituent relations · 3

  1. [1]
    W. Xu, et al.. A droplet-based electricity generator with high instantaneous power density (2020)
    Nature 578, 392–396 · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1985-6 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  2. [2]
    J. Yin, et al.. Generating electricity by moving a droplet of ionic liquid along graphene (2014)
    Nature Nanotechnology 9, 378–383 · doi:10.1038/nnano.2014.56 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  3. [3]
    H. B. Radousky, H. Liang. Energy harvesting: an integrated view of materials, devices and applications (2012)
    Nanotechnology 23, 502001 · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/23/50/502001 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record

Cite this route

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). route p-1ae841e969: Surface energy difference → Droplet contact electrification → Separated surface charge → Electrical work. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/1ae841e969

Ids and matrix addresses are stable across revisions; the revision hash identifies the exact canonical files the record was compiled from and is meta.data_hash in every /api export. Reuse terms: see the license field in any export.