Cooling

Relations

Enumerated routes through this · 20

• Peltier cooler2/2 est · demonstrated
• Magnetocaloric refrigeration1/2 est · demonstrated
• Bending-actuated NiTi elastocaloric air cooler1/2 est · demonstrated
• Passive daytime radiative cooler2/2 est · demonstrated
• Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling3/4 est · same energy form
• Pressure gradient → Elastic deformation → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling3/4 est · extends a recorded pathway
• Mechanical vibration → Resonant vibration → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling3/4 est · candidate
• Vibration-driven elastocaloric cooler (proposed)3/4 est · candidate
• Temperature gradient → Marangoni effect → Pressure gradient → Elastic deformation → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling4/6 est · same energy form
• Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling5/6 est · candidate
• Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling5/6 est · candidate
• Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling5/6 est · candidate
• Bulk fluid flow → Flow-induced vibration → Mechanical vibration → Resonant vibration → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling5/6 est · extends a recorded pathway
• Bulk fluid flow → Flow-induced vibration → Mechanical vibration → Elastic deformation → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling5/6 est · candidate
• Bulk fluid flow → Ocean wave motion → Pressure gradient → Elastic deformation → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling5/6 est · extends a recorded pathway
• Incident radiation flux → Photothermal absorption → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling5/6 est · candidate
• Radiative imbalance with the sky → Radiative sky cooling → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling5/6 est · candidate
• Surface energy difference → Marangoni effect → Pressure gradient → Elastic deformation → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling4/6 est · weakly supported
• Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling5/6 est · candidate
• Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fusion → Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Cooling3/6 est · candidate

Cited sources · 7

1. [1]
   A. F. Ioffe. Semiconductor Thermoelements and Thermoelectric Cooling (1957)

   Infosearch · book, no DOI · record
2. [2]
   H. J. Goldsmid. Introduction to Thermoelectricity (2nd ed.) (2016)

   Springer Series in Materials Science 121 · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49256-7 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
3. [3]
   V. K. Pecharsky, K. A. Gschneidner Jr.. Giant magnetocaloric effect in Gd5(Si2Ge2) (1997)

   Physical Review Letters 78, 4494 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4494 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
4. [4]
   J. Tušek et al.. A regenerative elastocaloric heat pump (2016)

   Nature Energy 1, 16134 · doi:10.1038/nenergy.2016.134 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
5. [5]
   A. P. Raman et al.. Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight (2014)

   Nature 515, 540–544 · doi:10.1038/nature13883 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
6. [6]
   Y. Zhai et al.. Scalable-manufactured randomized glass-polymer hybrid metamaterial for daytime radiative cooling (2017)

   Science 355, 1062–1066 · doi:10.1126/science.aai7899 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
7. [7]
   J.-l. Kou et al.. Daytime radiative cooling using near-black infrared emitters (2017)

   ACS Photonics 4, 626–630 · doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00991 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record

Cite this entity

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