Electrokinetic microchannel generator

Matrix context

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

D.02 × C.23 · Pressure gradient × Electrokineticfamily: Electrokinetic

Measured or reported performance

Summary figures only; no datum-level record yet. Each figure below is a reviewed summary, not a single measurement.

notes

streaming current from water forced through a glass microchannel array; efficiencies below 1%

Typed bounds on this route

Every limit the atlas holds for this route, as constraint records: reached through bounded_by claims on the route's own entities. Hard bounds (an upper bound or a formula) decide the thermodynamic-bound check above; benchmarks, constitutive relations and resource limits are listed and never decisive. No prose limit exists anywhere (pass 42).

• Onsager–Casimir reciprocity · constitutive-relation · listed, never decisive
  L_ij(B) = ε_i ε_j L_ji(−B): the cross-coefficients of coupled linear transport are equal up to the time-reversal parities ε of the variables and reversal of the magnetic field; L_ij = L_ji is the zero-field, even-parity case

Steps

1. 01
   Pressure gradient —drives→ Streaming potentialestablishedclaim record

   mechanical → electrical · loss to thermal

   • electrolyte forced through a channel with charged walls; efficiency peaks when the Debye length is comparable to the channel width

   aqueous medium required · bulk flow required

   refs [1] [2]
2. 02
   Streaming potential —produces→ Ionic currentestablishedclaim record

   electrical → electrical

   refs [1] [2]
3. 03
   Ionic current —converts into→ Electrical workestablishedclaim record

   electrical → electrical · loss to thermal

   • electrodes exchange the ionic current for an electronic current through the external load

   refs [3]

Evidence for the complete composition · 1

1. [1]
   J. Yang et al.. Electrokinetic microchannel battery by means of electrokinetic and microfluidic phenomena (2003)

   Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 13, 963 · doi:10.1088/0960-1317/13/6/320 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record

Evidence for the constituent relations · 3

1. [1]
   J. Yang et al.. Electrokinetic microchannel battery by means of electrokinetic and microfluidic phenomena (2003)

   Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 13, 963 · doi:10.1088/0960-1317/13/6/320 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
2. [2]
   R. J. Hunter. Zeta Potential in Colloid Science: Principles and Applications (1981)

   Academic Press · doi:10.1016/C2013-0-07389-6 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
3. [3]
   A. J. Bard, L. R. Faulkner. Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications (2nd ed.) (2001)

   Wiley · book, no DOI · record