Physical Transformation AtlasPTA
Pathway · p-dc951a1285 · candidate

Surface energy difference → Electrical work

Surface energy differenceTriboelectric effectSeparated surface chargeElectrical work

Epistemic state of the route

known constituent relations
3 / 3 established or replicated · weakest constituent established
constituent maturity floor
K4 · experimentally observed
search for this exact route
Not assessed — complete composition not searched.
recorded-pathway overlap
none recorded
route-level evidence
0 sources for the complete composition · 4 cited by the constituent steps
boundaries and interfaces
BOUNDARY compatible · no region transition

Explorematrix context · physics checks · steps · route evidence · constituent evidence · cite

Matrix context

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

D.15 × C.12 · Surface energy difference × Triboelectricfamily: Triboelectric

Steps

  1. 01
    Surface energy difference —drives→ Triboelectric effectestablishedclaim record
    surface → electrical · loss to thermal
    • two materials far apart in the triboelectric series brought into contact and separated repeatedly
    • dry conditions; humidity bleeds the charge
    solid · dielectric required
    refs [1] [2] [3]
  2. 02
    Triboelectric effect —produces→ Separated surface chargeestablishedclaim record
    electrical → electrical
    refs [1] [2]
  3. 03
    Separated surface charge —converts into→ Electrical workestablishedclaim record
    electrical → electrical · loss to thermal
    • electrodes on the charged surfaces connected through a load
    refs [4]

Evidence for the complete composition · 0

No source on record for this exact composition. The sources below support the individual steps, not the route as a whole.

Evidence for the constituent relations · 4

  1. [1]
    F.-R. Fan, Z.-Q. Tian, Z. L. Wang. Flexible triboelectric generator (2012)
    Nano Energy 1, 328–334 · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2012.01.004 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  2. [2]
    D. J. Lacks, T. Shinbrot. Long-standing and unresolved issues in triboelectric charging (2019)
    Nature Reviews Chemistry 3, 465–476 · doi:10.1038/s41570-019-0115-1 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  3. [3]
    C. Wu et al.. Triboelectric nanogenerator: a foundation of the energy for the new era (2019)
    Advanced Energy Materials 9, 1802906 · doi:10.1002/aenm.201802906 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  4. [4]
    H. B. Radousky, H. Liang. Energy harvesting: an integrated view of materials, devices and applications (2012)
    Nanotechnology 23, 502001 · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/23/50/502001 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record

Cite this route

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). route p-dc951a1285: Surface energy difference → Triboelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/dc951a1285

Ids and matrix addresses are stable across revisions; the revision hash identifies the exact canonical files the record was compiled from and is meta.data_hash in every /api export. Reuse terms: see the license field in any export.