Phenomenon · phenomenon:thermomagnetic-ferrofluid-convection
Thermomagnetic convection
In a magnetic fluid whose magnetisation falls with temperature, a magnetic field gradient pulls cooler, more strongly magnetised fluid toward the field, driving convection without gravity or pumps.
Atlas record: 7 claims reference this phenomenon — 4 demonstrated and 3 established.
Explorerelations · matrix context · routes · sources · cite
conditions: liquid · magnetic field required · temperature gradient required
7claims30enumerated routes2routes with complete-composition evidence5candidate routes not searched5cited sources
Relations
drives · 1
- a ferrofluid whose magnetisation decreases with temperature, in a non-uniform magnetic field aligned with the temperature gradient
produces · 1
The circulating flow carries a directed momentum flux that can load a blade: Zhou et al. 2009 drove a rotor with it (recorded as pathway:thermomagnetic-fluid-engine).
couples to · 1
- magnetised ferrofluid advects through a closed loop wound with induction coils, so the flux linked by each coil changes as magnetised packets pass
- a permanent-magnet bias field keeps the fluid magnetised where it moves past the coils
One lab-scale prototype (Chiolerio et al. 2020): a toroidal loop with poloidal or mixed poloidal/toroidal windings, water carrier with ferrofluid packets, up to 10.4 μW per kelvin. One paper is demonstrated, not established.
member of · 1
implemented by · 3
- a closed ferrofluid loop with a permanent magnet over the heated section; self-circulating heat transport with no moving parts
Matrix context
D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.
Enumerated routes through this · 30 (showing 24)
- Thermomagnetic hydrodynamic energy harvester3/4 est · demonstrated
- Thermomagnetic fluid engine5/5 est · demonstrated
- Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Streaming potential → Ionic current → Electrical work5/5 est · candidate
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/6 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/6 est · same energy form
- Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/6 est · same energy form
- Incident radiation flux → Photothermal absorption → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/6 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Radiative imbalance with the sky → Radiative sky cooling → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/6 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/6 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fusion → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work3/6 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Rotating-machine generator action → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Flow-induced vibration → Mechanical vibration → Triboelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work7/7 est · unresolved handoff
- Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Flow-induced vibration → Mechanical vibration → Electrostatic induction (variable capacitance) → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · unresolved handoff
- Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Flow-induced vibration → Mechanical vibration → Reverse electrowetting → Charge carriers → Electrical work5/7 est · unresolved handoff
- Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Flow-induced vibration → Mechanical vibration → Resonant vibration → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work7/7 est · unresolved handoff
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Streaming potential → Ionic current → Electrical work7/7 est · candidate
- Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Electric potential difference → Peltier effect → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Streaming potential → Ionic current → Electrical work7/7 est · same energy form
- Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Electric potential difference → Ettingshausen effect → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Streaming potential → Ionic current → Electrical work7/7 est · same energy form
- Incident radiation flux → Photothermal absorption → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Incident radiation flux → Photothermal absorption → Temperature gradient → Thermomagnetic convection → Fluid flow → Streaming potential → Ionic current → Electrical work7/7 est · candidate
Cited sources · 5
- [1]A. Chiolerio et al.. Waste heat to power conversion by means of thermomagnetic hydrodynamic energy harvester (2020)
- [2]L. Zhou et al.. A new miniaturized engine based on thermomagnetic effect of magnetic fluids (2009)
- [3]R. E. Rosensweig. Ferrohydrodynamics (1985)
- [4]W. Lian, Y. Xuan, Q. Li. Characterization of miniature automatic energy transport devices based on the thermomagnetic effect (2009)
- [5]S. A. Suslov. Peculiarities of Convective Heat and Mass Transfer in Magnetic Nanofluids (2023)
Cite this entity
Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). entity phenomenon:thermomagnetic-ferrofluid-convection: Thermomagnetic convection. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/phenomenon/thermomagnetic-ferrofluid-convection
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