Physical Transformation AtlasPTA
Carrier · carrier:acoustic-wave

Acoustic wave

A propagating pressure oscillation in a gas, liquid or solid.

energy form acousticalso: sound, pressure oscillation

Atlas record: 6 claims reference this carrier — 4 demonstrated and 2 established.

Explorerelations · routes · sources · cite

6claims64enumerated routes3routes with complete-composition evidence5candidate routes not searched11cited sources

Relations

drives · 4
Acoustic wave—drives→Acoustoelectric effectdemonstrated
  • a travelling longitudinal bulk acoustic wave propagates through a semiconductor, or a travelling surface acoustic wave is coupled to mobile carriers
  • net DC Weinreich drag requires directed acoustic momentum; a pure standing wave does not by itself supply the required net momentum
  • a gas-borne acoustic wave may couple mechanically into the solid at a gas–solid boundary; an active piezoelectric launcher is an optional implementation, not part of the acoustoelectric effect
|j_AE| = μ |Γ| I_s / v_s · Weinreich acoustoelectric responsivity μ Γ / v_s [A/W]
Acoustic wave—drives→Direct piezoelectric effectdemonstrated
  • sound pressure strains a compliant piezoelectric membrane or plate; standing and travelling waves both serve, the response following the pressure oscillation
Acoustic wave—drives→Triboelectric effectdemonstrated
  • the acoustic pressure oscillation is mechanically coupled through a movable piston, diaphragm, rolling element or liquid interface so that the triboelectric surfaces undergo repeated contact–separation or sliding motion
Acoustic wave—drives→Linear alternator actiondemonstrated
  • an acoustic pressure oscillation driving a piston attached to a magnet or coil
produces · 2
Thermoacoustic effect—produces→Acoustic waveestablished
Thermoacoustic effect—produces→Acoustic waveestablished
  • travelling-wave thermoacoustic regime with a non-zero time-averaged acoustic power flux; pressure and particle velocity have the phase relation required for directed acoustic power (a looped tube or a travelling-wave regenerator), unlike the standing wave of a straight resonator

Enumerated routes through this · 64 (showing 24)

Cited sources · 11

  1. [1]
    G. Weinreich, H. G. White. Observation of the Acoustoelectric Effect (1957)
    Physical Review 106, 1104-1106 · doi:10.1103/PhysRev.106.1104 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-20 · record
  2. [2]
    R. H. Parmenter. The Acousto-Electric Effect (1953)
    Physical Review 89, 990-998 · doi:10.1103/PhysRev.89.990 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-20 · record
  3. [3]
    G. Weinreich. Ultrasonic Attenuation by Free Carriers in Germanium (1957)
    Physical Review 107, 317–318 · doi:10.1103/PhysRev.107.317.2 · record
  4. [4]
    G. Weinreich, T. M. Sanders, H. G. White. Acoustoelectric Effect in n-Type Germanium (1959)
    Physical Review 114, 33–44 · doi:10.1103/PhysRev.114.33 · record
  5. [5]
    M. Atashbar et al.. Observation of giant acoustoelectric currents in graphene on lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate (2026)
    Nature Communications 17, 8932 · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-74813-3 · record
  6. [6]
    Y. Zheng et al.. Thermoacoustic energy harvesting using thermally-stabilized polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (2022)
    Nano Energy 95, 106995 · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.106995 · record
  7. [7]
    J. Smoker et al.. Energy harvesting from a standing wave thermoacoustic-piezoelectric resonator (2012)
    Journal of Applied Physics 111, 104901 · doi:10.1063/1.4712630 · record
  8. [8]
    Y. Li et al.. High-temperature energy harvesting via thermoacoustic-triboelectric hybridization: Design, modelling, and application demonstration (2026)
    Nano Energy 155, 112082 · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.112082 · record
  9. [9]
    G. W. Swift. Thermoacoustic engines (1988)
    Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84, 1145–1180 · doi:10.1121/1.396617 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  10. [10]
    T. Yazaki et al.. Traveling Wave Thermoacoustic Engine in a Looped Tube (1998)
    Physical Review Letters 81, 3128–3131 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3128 · record
  11. [11]
    S. Backhaus, G. W. Swift. A thermoacoustic-Stirling heat engine: Detailed study (2000)
    Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 107, 3148–3166 · doi:10.1121/1.429343 · record

Cite this entity

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). entity carrier:acoustic-wave: Acoustic wave. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/e/carrier/acoustic-wave

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