Disequilibrium · disequilibrium:temperature-change
Temporal temperature change
A material's temperature changes with time. Unlike a spatial temperature gradient, this directly drives pyroelectric current through the time dependence of spontaneous polarization.
Atlas record: 4 claims reference this disequilibrium — 2 established and 2 replicated.
Explorerelations · matrix context · routes · sources · cite
4claims8enumerated routes1routes with complete-composition evidence0candidate routes not searched8cited sources
Relations
drives · 1
- the temperature of the polar material must change in time (dT/dt ≠ 0); a static spatial temperature gradient alone produces no pyroelectric current
- the material must be below its Curie temperature
ΔP = p · ΔT · pyroelectric coefficient p [C/(m^2 K)]
Re-spelled in loop-3 pass 30 from the temperature-gradient row, where it had sat as an indexing compromise, onto the temporal temperature change that is its physical driver.
produces · 3
Matrix context
D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.
C.01 ThermoelectricC.02 ThermionicC.03 ThermoacousticC.04 PyroelectricC.05 ThermogalvanicC.06 ThermomagneticC.07 ThermophotovoltaicC.08 Heat engine (thermomechanical)C.09 Caloric (magneto/electro/elasto)C.10 PiezoelectricC.11 FlexoelectricC.12 TriboelectricC.13 Electrostatic (variable capacitance)C.14 Electromagnetic inductionC.15 MagnetostrictiveC.16 MagnetoelectricC.17 Spin caloritronicC.18 PhotovoltaicC.19 PhotoelectrochemicalC.20 PhotothermalC.21 ElectrochemicalC.22 Osmotic / salinity-gradientC.23 ElectrokineticC.24 TurbomachineryC.25 MagnetohydrodynamicC.26 RadiovoltaicC.27 Nuclear heatC.28 RectennaC.29 ThermochemicalC.30 BiologicalC.31 Fluctuation / information-drivenC.32 Photon momentumC.33 ThermodiffusiveC.34 MarangoniC.35 AcoustoelectricC.36 PhotodiffusiveC.37 Thermo-osmoticC.38 ElectrohydrodynamicC.39 RadioluminescentC.40 Thermopolarization
Enumerated routes through this · 8
- Pyroelectric harvester3/3 est · demonstrated
- Changing magnetic flux → Magnetocaloric effect → Temporal temperature change → Pyroelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Temporal temperature change → Pyroelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Changing electric field → Electrocaloric effect → Temporal temperature change → Pyroelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work5/5 est · same energy form
- Temperature gradient → Thermal expansion → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Temporal temperature change → Pyroelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Pressure gradient → Elastic deformation → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Temporal temperature change → Pyroelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Mechanical vibration → Resonant vibration → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Temporal temperature change → Pyroelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Mechanical vibration → Elastic deformation → Mechanical stress or strain → Elastocaloric effect → Temporal temperature change → Pyroelectric effect → Separated surface charge → Electrical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
Cited sources · 8
- [1]S. B. Lang. Pyroelectricity: from ancient curiosity to modern imaging tool (2005)
- [2]R. W. Whatmore. Pyroelectric devices and materials (1986)
- [3]C. R. Bowen et al.. Pyroelectric materials and devices for energy harvesting applications (2014)
- [4]V. K. Pecharsky, K. A. Gschneidner Jr.. Giant magnetocaloric effect in Gd5(Si2Ge2) (1997)
- [5]K. A. Gschneidner Jr, V. K. Pecharsky, A. O. Tsokol. Recent developments in magnetocaloric materials (2005)
- [6]A. S. Mischenko et al.. Giant electrocaloric effect in thin-film PbZr0.95Ti0.05O3 (2006)
- [7]X. Moya, S. Kar-Narayan, N. D. Mathur. Caloric materials near ferroic phase transitions (2014)
- [8]J. Tušek et al.. A regenerative elastocaloric heat pump (2016)
Cite this entity
Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). entity disequilibrium:temperature-change: Temporal temperature change. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/e/disequilibrium/temperature-change
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