Solutocapillary streaming-potential generator (proposed)

No physical demonstration of a surface-energy difference → Marangoni flow → streaming potential → electrical output was found in the OpenAlex protocol runs, the two citation chases or the four Google Scholar forms run by hand on 21/09/2026. The route's literature is the Pini 2015 theoretical proposal and one physical device in which a programmed surface-tension gradient sustains Marangoni microcirculation as a co-driver beside capillary flow in a hydrovoltaic evaporator (Zhang et al. 2026: driver-only-modifies under the parallel-driver rule, since the Marangoni branch's electrical contribution is not isolated). Inconclusive until the Semantic Scholar runs exist and the unread chase hits are read.

• Energy conversion by surface-tension-driven charge separation (2015) · theory only · The same analysis covers destillocapillary (surfactant-concentration-driven) streaming and finds it more promising than thermocapillary drive; theory and numerics only (arXiv 1609.09404 read in full). Recorded as the route's proposed pathway.
• Electro-Marangoni Effect in Thin Liquid Films (2011) · wrong coupling · Drainage → streaming potential → electro-Marangoni surface flow: the streaming potential is upstream of the Marangoni effect, the reverse of the route (abstract).
• Can phoretic motions be treated as interfacial tension gradient driven phenomena? (1981) · wrong coupling · Title: phoretic particle motions (diffusio-/thermophoresis) treated as interfacial-tension-gradient phenomena; particle motion, not a streaming electrical output. Abstract not accessible (Elsevier 1981); not read beyond the title.
• Sustained interfacial powering through self-generated mantle and siphon of a gelling droplet (2026) · wrong coupling · A long-lived solutal Marangoni motor (self-propelled gelling droplet): the output is mechanical self-propulsion, no electrical response (abstract).
• Sedimentation potential in a dilute suspension of ion-adsorbed liquid drops under gravity: Marangoni effects and interfacial charge (2025) · wrong driver · Title: the electrokinetic (sedimentation) potential arises from gravity-driven drop motion, with Marangoni effects as a modifier of drop mobility; the driver is gravity, not a surface-energy difference. Not read beyond the title.
• Chemical-Gradient-Induced Marangoni Flows Boost Solar-Brine Desalination and Enable Concurrent Power Generation (2026) · driver only modifies · Surfaced by the sibling thermal route's Google Scholar runs (21/09/2026). A graphene-oxide evaporator with a programmed longitudinal gradient of oxygen-containing groups: the persistent surface-tension disparity sustains Marangoni microcirculation that co-drives water transport with capillary flow ('a dual-driving transport regime'), while the device delivers 25 μA short-circuit current and 0.7 V open-circuit voltage and series units power an LED. D → M1 is physical, but capillary transport is a simultaneous independent driver and the electrical output is not decomposed into capillary-driven and Marangoni-driven parts (parallel-driver rule). The nearest physical device to this route; recorded as a note on the proposed pathway, its figures kept off the pathway's measurements.
• Circadian humidity fluctuation induced capillary flow for sustainable mobile energy (2022) · wrong driver · Ionic-liquid drops on a nanowire array swell and shrink with the daily humidity, and the surface-tension-regulated cap profile drives an inward/outward capillary flow whose streaming potential is harvested (an LED and an LCD lit). The driver is the humidity fluctuation and the flow is capillary, not a surface-tension gradient; the Gibbs–Marangoni effect is invoked for a detail of the flow (abstract read on OpenAlex).
• Polypyrrole@TiO2 Composite Nanotube System with Enhanced Capillary Fluid and Charge Transfer for High-Current Hydrovoltaic Energy Generation and Seawater Desalination (2024) · driver only modifies · An evaporation-driven hydrovoltaic generator; the Marangoni effect is invoked for salt-film behaviour in the text (Scholar snippet), not as the driver of the streaming output. Not read beyond the snippet.
• Thin liquid film drainage: Ionic vs. non-ionic surfactants (2010) · wrong coupling · Film drainage generates the streaming potential; the surface-tension gradient (Marangoni effect) is a stabilising surface stress in the drainage model, not the driver of the flow — the same physics as the electro-Marangoni papers already recorded (Scholar snippet).
• Onsager relation for electrokinetics at surfactant-covered bubble film (2025) · theory only · A theory of electrokinetics at a surfactant-covered bubble film under pressure-driven flow, in which the Marangoni stress from surfactant accumulation modifies the streaming current; the flow is pressure-driven (Scholar snippet; DOI resolved on OpenAlex).
• In Situ Studies of the Effect of CO2 on the Initial NaCl-Induced Atmospheric Corrosion of Copper (2005) · insufficient information · A corrosion study whose text suggests that a surface-tension gradient in the electrolyte droplet induces Marangoni convection that could give rise to a streaming potential difference; no energy conversion is measured and the passage is known only from Scholar's snippet. Not read.

1032 indexed works reported across the queries, 151 unique retrieved; nobody has read them for a qualifying demonstration. A person can screen this frozen list and promote it to a reviewed record without re-running the query.

• OAdriver-mechanism:1515 reported · 100 retrieved
• OAdriver-mechanism:1515 reported · 50 retrieved
• OAmechanism-pair:1-22 reported · 2 retrieved
• OAwhole-chain0 reported · 0 retrieved
• OAdemonstration-precision0 reported · 0 retrieved

Planned runs NOT run in this bundle (engine unavailable): search:2026-09-20-p-41cb505083/s2-dm1 (semantic-scholar); search:2026-09-20-p-41cb505083/s2-mp12 (semantic-scholar); search:2026-09-20-p-41cb505083/s2-wc (semantic-scholar); search:2026-09-20-p-41cb505083/s2-dp (semantic-scholar).