Electromagnetic vibration harvester

Matrix context

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

D.09 × C.14 · Mechanical vibration × Electromagnetic inductionfamily: Electromagnetic induction

Measured or reported performance

1. electrical power into a resistive load46 µWdevice2007
   four magnets on an etched cantilever with a 2300-turn wound coil, component volume 0.1 cm³ and practical volume 0.15 cm³, driven at 0.59 m/s² acceleration at its 52 Hz resonance; 428 mV rms; 30 % of the power supplied from the environment delivered to the load — 46 µW over the 0.15 cm³ practical volume is ≈ 307 µW/cm³ — a derivation from two abstract figures, not the paper's stated density
   refs [3]

Steps

1. 01
   Mechanical vibration —drives→ Resonant vibrationestablishedclaim record

   mechanical → mechanical · loss to thermal

   • a cantilever or seismic mass with natural frequency near the excitation

   solid

   refs [1] [2]
2. 02
   Resonant vibration —produces→ Mechanical motionestablishedclaim record

   mechanical → mechanical

   refs [3] [2]
3. 03
   Mechanical motion —drives→ Electromagnetic inductionestablishedclaim record

   mechanical → electrical · loss to thermal

   • a magnet moving relative to a coil

   conductor required · magnetic field required

   refs [4] [3]
4. 04
   Electromagnetic induction —produces→ Charge carriersestablishedclaim record

   electrical → electrical · loss to thermal

   refs [4] [5]
5. 05
   Charge carriers —converts into→ Electrical workestablishedclaim record

   electrical → electrical · loss to thermal

   • carriers driven through an external load at the potential difference the source maintains

   refs [6]

Evidence for the complete composition · 1

1. [3]
   S. P. Beeby, et al.. A micro electromagnetic generator for vibration energy harvesting (2007)

   Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 17, 1257 · doi:10.1088/0960-1317/17/7/007 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record

Evidence for the constituent relations · 6

1. [1]
   S. Roundy, P. K. Wright, J. Rabaey. A study of low level vibrations as a power source for wireless sensor nodes (2003)

   Computer Communications 26, 1131–1144 · doi:10.1016/S0140-3664(02)00248-7 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
2. [2]
   A. Erturk, D. J. Inman. Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting (2011)

   Wiley · doi:10.1002/9781119991151 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
3. [3]
   S. P. Beeby, et al.. A micro electromagnetic generator for vibration energy harvesting (2007)

   Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 17, 1257 · doi:10.1088/0960-1317/17/7/007 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
4. [4]
   M. Faraday. Experimental researches in electricity (1832)

   Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 122, 125–162 · doi:10.1098/rstl.1832.0006 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
5. [5]
   L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz, L. P. Pitaevskii. Electrodynamics of Continuous Media (Course of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 8, 2nd ed.) (1984)

   Pergamon · book, no DOI · record
6. [6]
   N. W. Ashcroft, N. D. Mermin. Solid State Physics (1976)

   Holt, Rinehart and Winston · book, no DOI · record