Physical Transformation AtlasPTA
Pathway · p-d27ab3c588 · candidate

Gravitational potential difference → Electrical work

Gravitational potential differenceTidal flowBulk fluid flowOcean wave motionMechanical motionElectromagnetic inductionCharge carriersElectrical work

Epistemic state of the route

known constituent relations
6 / 7 established or replicated · weakest constituent demonstrated
constituent maturity floor
K4 · experimentally observed
search for this exact route
Not assessed — complete composition not searched.
recorded-pathway overlap
shares relations, in order, with Wave energy converter · 2/7 relations shared
route-level evidence
0 sources for the complete composition · 7 cited by the constituent steps
boundaries and interfaces
BOUNDARY compatible · no region transition

Explorematrix context · physics checks · steps · route evidence · constituent evidence · cite

Matrix context

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

D.19 × C.24 · Gravitational potential difference × Turbomachineryfamily: TurbomachineryD.19 × C.14 · Gravitational potential difference × Electromagnetic inductionfamily: Electromagnetic induction

Steps

  1. 01
    Gravitational potential difference —drives→ Tidal flowestablishedclaim record
    gravitational → kinetic
    • coastal geometry that funnels the tidal range into a current or a head
    liquid · bulk flow required
    refs [1]
  2. 02
    Tidal flow —produces→ Bulk fluid flowestablishedclaim record
    kinetic → kinetic
    refs [1]
  3. 03
    Bulk fluid flow —drives→ Ocean wave motionestablishedclaim record
    kinetic → mechanical · loss to thermal
    • wind fetch over open water
    liquid
    refs [2] [3]
  4. 04
    Ocean wave motion —produces→ Mechanical motiondemonstratedclaim record
    mechanical → mechanical
    • a buoy, flap or water column following the wave
    refs [2]
  5. 05
    Mechanical motion —drives→ Electromagnetic inductionestablishedclaim record
    mechanical → electrical · loss to thermal
    • a magnet moving relative to a coil
    conductor required · magnetic field required
    refs [4] [5]
  6. 06
    Electromagnetic induction —produces→ Charge carriersestablishedclaim record
    electrical → electrical · loss to thermal
    refs [4] [6]
  7. 07
    Charge carriers —converts into→ Electrical workestablishedclaim record
    electrical → electrical · loss to thermal
    • carriers driven through an external load at the potential difference the source maintains
    refs [7]

Evidence for the complete composition · 0

No source on record for this exact composition. The sources below support the individual steps, not the route as a whole.

Evidence for the constituent relations · 7

  1. [1]
    S. L. Dixon, C. A. Hall. Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery (7th ed.) (2014)
    Butterworth-Heinemann · doi:10.1016/C2011-0-05059-7 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  2. [2]
    S. H. Salter. Wave power (1974)
    Nature 249, 720–724 · doi:10.1038/249720a0 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  3. [3]
    J. Falnes. Ocean Waves and Oscillating Systems: Linear Interactions Including Wave-Energy Extraction (2002)
    Cambridge University Press · doi:10.1017/CBO9780511754630 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  4. [4]
    M. Faraday. Experimental researches in electricity (1832)
    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 122, 125–162 · doi:10.1098/rstl.1832.0006 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  5. [5]
    S. P. Beeby, et al.. A micro electromagnetic generator for vibration energy harvesting (2007)
    Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 17, 1257 · doi:10.1088/0960-1317/17/7/007 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
  6. [6]
    L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz, L. P. Pitaevskii. Electrodynamics of Continuous Media (Course of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 8, 2nd ed.) (1984)
    Pergamon · book, no DOI · record
  7. [7]
    N. W. Ashcroft, N. D. Mermin. Solid State Physics (1976)
    Holt, Rinehart and Winston · book, no DOI · record

Cite this route

Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). route p-d27ab3c588: Gravitational potential difference → Tidal flow → Bulk fluid flow → Ocean wave motion → Mechanical motion → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/path/d27ab3c588

Ids and matrix addresses are stable across revisions; the revision hash identifies the exact canonical files the record was compiled from and is meta.data_hash in every /api export. Reuse terms: see the license field in any export.