Combustion gas-turbine plant

Matrix context

D = disequilibrium row · C = coupling family column. A cell reads the state of the atlas for that pair.

D.05 × C.29 · Chemical potential difference × Thermochemicalfamily: ThermochemicalD.05 × C.08 · Chemical potential difference × Heat engine (thermomechanical)family: Heat engine (thermomechanical)D.05 × C.14 · Chemical potential difference × Electromagnetic inductionfamily: Electromagnetic induction

Measured or reported performance

1. gas-turbine work output127 MWplant2024
   Table 3 'local plant data' of a 678 MW combined-cycle gas-turbine station in Oman (three gas turbines, two steam turbines; one gas-turbine train modelled): gas-turbine inlet 1050 °C, exhaust 540.7 °C; Table 2 plant inputs — air 505.36 kg/s at 26.6 °C and 0.9981 bar, compressor discharge 9.4 bar, natural-gas fuel 9.2 kg/s at 22.8 bar (LHV 43,662 kJ/kg, 92.5 % methane), turbine discharge 1 bar — the steam turbine of the same train delivers 61.5 MW and the table's 46.93 % is the combined cycle's efficiency — (127 + 61.5) MW over 9.2 kg/s × 43,662 kJ/kg = 401.7 MW reproduces it exactly — so it belongs to no pathway the atlas spells (the gas-turbine share alone would be 127 / 401.7 ≈ 31.6 %, a derivation, not a source figure); the paper's Aspen Plus simulation reproduces the plant within 0.43–3.77 % (126.45 MW, 1010.46 °C, 556.93 °C, 46.28 %) and is not recorded
   refs [6]

notes

model relation, not a bound of the real pathway: the ideal air-standard Brayton cycle's thermal efficiency is 1 − r_p^((1−γ)/γ) at pressure ratio r_p, with net work the turbine work minus the compressor work; a real cycle's net efficiency depends on both and on the turbine inlet temperature the materials allow

Typed bounds on this route

Every limit the atlas holds for this route, as constraint records: reached through bounded_by claims on the route's own entities. Hard bounds (an upper bound or a formula) decide the thermodynamic-bound check above; benchmarks, constitutive relations and resource limits are listed and never decisive. No prose limit exists anywhere (pass 42).

• Carnot limit · formula-bound · hard, applies to this route
  η ≤ 1 − T_c/T_h for any heat engine between reservoirs at T_h and T_c
• Curzon–Ahlborn efficiency at maximum power · benchmark · listed, never decisive
  η_CA = 1 − √(T_c/T_h)

Steps

1. 01
   Chemical potential difference —drives→ Combustionestablishedclaim record

   chemical → thermal · loss to radiative

   • fuel, oxidiser and an ignition source; flame temperature 1500–2500 K

   gas · above ~700 K

   refs [1]
2. 02
   Combustion —produces→ Hot gasestablishedclaim record

   thermal → thermal

   refs [1]
3. 03
   Hot gas —drives→ Working-fluid expansion (heat-engine cycle)establishedclaim record

   thermal → mechanical · loss to thermal

   • the hot gas expands through a turbine or against a piston from an upstream pressure to a lower downstream pressure

   gas · above ~700 K

   refs [1] [2]
4. 04
   Working-fluid expansion (heat-engine cycle) —produces→ Mechanical motionestablishedclaim record

   mechanical → mechanical · loss to thermal

   refs [1]
5. 05
   Mechanical motion —drives→ Rotating-machine generator actionestablishedclaim record

   mechanical → electrical · loss to thermal

   • a shaft turning a rotor inside a stator, or a magnet moved past a coil

   conductor required · magnetic field required

   refs [3] [2]
6. 06
   Rotating-machine generator action —produces→ Charge carriersestablishedclaim record

   electrical → electrical · loss to thermal

   refs [3] [4]
7. 07
   Charge carriers —converts into→ Electrical workestablishedclaim record

   electrical → electrical · loss to thermal

   • carriers driven through an external load at the potential difference the source maintains

   refs [5]

Evidence for the complete composition · 3

1. [1]
   A. Bejan. Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics (4th ed.) (2016)

   Wiley · doi:10.1002/9781119245964 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
2. [2]
   S. L. Dixon, C. A. Hall. Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery (7th ed.) (2014)

   Butterworth-Heinemann · doi:10.1016/C2011-0-05059-7 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
3. [6]
   N. M. Al Mhanna, I. Al Hadidi, S. Al Maskari. Simulation and Energy Analysis of Integrated Solar Combined Cycle Systems (ISCCS) Using Aspen Plus (2024)

   Energies 17, 3986 · doi:10.3390/en17163986 · record

Evidence for the constituent relations · 5

1. [1]
   A. Bejan. Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics (4th ed.) (2016)

   Wiley · doi:10.1002/9781119245964 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
2. [2]
   S. L. Dixon, C. A. Hall. Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery (7th ed.) (2014)

   Butterworth-Heinemann · doi:10.1016/C2011-0-05059-7 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
3. [3]
   M. Faraday. Experimental researches in electricity (1832)

   Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 122, 125–162 · doi:10.1098/rstl.1832.0006 · crossref ✓ 2026-09-19 · record
4. [4]
   L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz, L. P. Pitaevskii. Electrodynamics of Continuous Media (Course of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 8, 2nd ed.) (1984)

   Pergamon · book, no DOI · record
5. [5]
   N. W. Ashcroft, N. D. Mermin. Solid State Physics (1976)

   Holt, Rinehart and Winston · book, no DOI · record