Carrier · carrier:hot-gas
Hot gas
A gas or vapour carrying thermal energy at elevated temperature, the intermediate of every combustion or nuclear heat engine. Pressure or an available expansion ratio is not implied by this carrier and must be established separately when a downstream conversion requires it: combustion heats the gas, a compressor or a boiler's feed pump pressurises it, and thermal emission or an MHD channel can consume hot gas without an expansion ratio.
Atlas record: 6 claims reference this carrier — 5 established and 1 demonstrated.
Explorerelations · routes · sources · cite
conditions: gas · above ~700 K
6claims24enumerated routes4routes with complete-composition evidence2candidate routes not searched8cited sources
Relations
drives · 4
- a flame or a heated emitter radiating
- combustion gas above ~2500 K seeded with potassium to make it conducting
- the hot gas expands through a turbine or against a piston from an upstream pressure to a lower downstream pressure
- the gas has an upstream pressure state above the downstream nozzle or duct pressure
produces · 2
- fission heating produces a vapour or gas working fluid in a DIRECTLY heated, same-circuit configuration: the reactor coolant itself boils in the vessel and its steam goes to the turbine (a boiling-water reactor), or the fissioning or fission-heated gas is the working medium (a gas-core or fissioning-plasma reactor)
- not a pressurised-water reactor: there fission heats a pressurised liquid whose heat crosses a steam generator into a separate secondary circuit — the heat exchanger, not the core, makes the turbine's steam, and that topology belongs to the system layer, never hidden inside this claim (pass 38)
Enumerated routes through this · 24
- Combustion-driven micro-thermophotovoltaic generator7/7 est · demonstrated
- Combustion gas-turbine plant7/7 est · demonstrated
- Combustion MHD generator7/7 est · demonstrated
- Boiling-water reactor direct-steam plant7/7 est · demonstrated
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Hot gas → Thermal emission → Light4/4 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Hot gas → Thermal emission → Light4/4 est · candidate
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Hot gas → Magnetohydrodynamic generation → Charge carriers → Electrical work4/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Hot gas → Working-fluid expansion (heat-engine cycle) → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Hot gas → Magnetohydrodynamic generation → Charge carriers → Electrical work4/5 est · candidate
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Hot gas → Working-fluid expansion (heat-engine cycle) → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work5/5 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Hot gas → Thermal emission → Photons → Photothermal absorption → Heat flow → Useful heat7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Hot gas → Working-fluid expansion (heat-engine cycle) → Mechanical motion → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Hot gas → Gas-dynamic expansion → Bulk fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Hot gas → Gas-dynamic expansion → Bulk fluid flow → Ocean wave motion → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work6/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Hot gas → Gas-dynamic expansion → Bulk fluid flow → Streaming potential → Ionic current → Electrical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Chemical potential difference → Combustion → Hot gas → Gas-dynamic expansion → Bulk fluid flow → Electrohydrodynamic generation → Fluid-borne space charge → Electrical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Hot gas → Thermal emission → Photons → Photovoltaic effect → Electron–hole pairs → Electrical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Hot gas → Thermal emission → Photons → Photothermal absorption → Heat flow → Useful heat7/7 est · candidate
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Hot gas → Working-fluid expansion (heat-engine cycle) → Mechanical motion → Electromagnetic induction → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Hot gas → Gas-dynamic expansion → Bulk fluid flow → Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic lift → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Hot gas → Gas-dynamic expansion → Bulk fluid flow → Ocean wave motion → Mechanical motion → Mechanical work6/7 est · candidate
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Hot gas → Gas-dynamic expansion → Bulk fluid flow → Streaming potential → Ionic current → Electrical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Hot gas → Gas-dynamic expansion → Bulk fluid flow → Magnetohydrodynamic generation → Charge carriers → Electrical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
- Nuclear binding-energy difference → Nuclear fission → Hot gas → Gas-dynamic expansion → Bulk fluid flow → Electrohydrodynamic generation → Fluid-borne space charge → Electrical work7/7 est · extends a recorded pathway
Cited sources · 8
- [1]A. LaPotin, et al.. Thermophotovoltaic efficiency of 40% (2022)
- [2]A. Bejan. Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics (4th ed.) (2016)
- [3]R. J. Rosa. Physical principles of magnetohydrodynamic power generation (1961)
- [4]NASA Lewis Research Center, Electromagnetic Propulsion Division. Lewis Tech Preview: Research Nonequilibrium MHD Power Generator Facility
- [5]S. L. Dixon, C. A. Hall. Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery (7th ed.) (2014)
- [6]NASA Glenn Research Center. Nozzle Design (Beginner's Guide to Aeronautics) (2024)
- [7]J. Marlin Smith. Preliminary results in the NASA Lewis H2-O2 combustion MHD experiment (1979)
- [8]U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Boiling Water Reactors — how a typical commercial BWR works (2025)
Cite this entity
Physical Transformation Atlas (2026). entity carrier:hot-gas: Hot gas. Dataset revision rbfbfcbb70e57 (hash of the canonical data). https://physical-transformation-atlas.wldud5192.workers.dev/e/carrier/hot-gas
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